1. Reaction and Revolution
Chapter 19 Section 2

2. Think about it
After the defeat of Napoleon, what would Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia want to do with Napoleon’s acquired lands?
How would they decide to go about this?

3. The Congress of Vienna
The goal of the victors, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, was to restore old order to Europe
They met at the Congress of Vienna in September 1814 to arrange a final peace settlement

4. Goals of Vienna
The great powers rearranged territories, thus creating a new Europe.
Restore a balance of power, so that no country would be a threat to others. (keep this in mind for WWI and WWII)
Restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones they held before Napoleon
By doing this then it would restore the order in Europe

5. Europe before and after Congress of Vienna
After- Who Benefitted?

6. Conservative vs. Forces of Change
Conservatism- based on tradition and a belief in the value of social stability.
Most conservatives favored a obedience to political authority
Liberalism- a political philosophy that held that people should be free as possible from government control.
Nationalism- arose when people began to identify themselves as part of a community defined by a distinctive language, common institutions, and customs.
Nationalism and liberalism were strong allies. Why?

7. The Revolutions of 1848
The forces of Nationalism and Liberalism continued to grow and take over the conservative Europe.
Another French Revolution- the monarchy of Louis Philippe was overthrown.
Universal Male Suffrage was passed- all adult men could vote
Second Republic created and headed by a President
Charles Louis Napoleon won Presidential election (nephew of Napoleon)

8. Trouble in German States-
Congress of Vienna had recognized 38 independent German States
In May 1848 the Frankfurt Assembly was held to prepare a constitution for a new united Germany
A parliamentary government and a hereditary emperor ruling under a limited monarchy
German unification was not achieved

9. Revolutions in Central Europe
Austrian Empire was a multinational state- included Germans, Czechs, Magyars(Hungarians), Slovaks, Romanians, Slovenes, Poles, Croats, Serbians, and Ukrainians and Italians.
In March 1848, demonstrations erupted in the major cities.
Revolutionary armies took control of Vienna and demanded a liberal constitution
The revolutions in the Austrian Empire had failed.

10. Multinational Austrian Empire

11. Revolts in the Italian States
Congress of Vienna had set up 9 states in Italy
In 1848 a revolt broke out against the Austrians in Lombardy and Venetia
Sought out to create liberal constitutions and unify Italy
By 1849, Austria had regained control in Lombardy and Venetia
The old order prevailed in the rest of Italy
However, the forces of Nationalism and Liberalism continued to influence political events.

12. Italian States