1. Warm Up: What is imperialism? Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

2.  A policy of conquering and ruling other lands  The extension of a nation’s power over other lands  The Age of Imperialism  1875-1914  Industrializing nations engaging in the process of colonizing, influencing, and annexing other parts of the world in order to gain political power. Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

3.  Economic- need for new markets and raw materials  Political– boost national pride, expand territory, exercise military force  Social- racism, Social Darwinism, spread Christianity, white man’s burden Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

4.  Economic  Industrialization gave the West the ability to conquer other parts of the world, but more reasons to do so, too.  Large-scale industrial production made Western factories demand more raw materials, which could be seized from less powerful nations.  Also, Western nations needed markets for goods produced.  Colonies would serve as potential markets.  Immense wealth allowed Western world to conquer far-flung places.  More money more power!!!! Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

5.  Political  Power- What better way to show the world that you are a power than by taking over other countries.  Power gained by conquering  Nationalism- If my country has a huge empire, we must be powerful.  My country is more powerful than yours  Territory- The more territory we have the more powerful we are and the more resources we control Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

6.  Social  Social Darwinism- Application of Charles Darwin’s “Theory of Survival of the Fittest” to humans.  The Lion eats the Gazelle. Lion lives to pass on its fast genes. Gazelle dies, doesn’t pass on genes.  ONLY THE STRONG SURVIVE.  Therefore, the stronger humans (Whites) should take over the weaker ones (Natives).  This was natures way of improving the species.  Religious Reasons  Christians feel it is their duty to convert others and show them the way to heaven  “White Man’s Burden”-Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize primitive people Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

7. Indirect ControlDirect Control Characteristics -Local officials were used -Limited self-rule -Goal: to develop future leaders -Govt’s based on European styles, but may have local rulers Characteristics -Foreign officials brought into rule - No self-rule -Goal: assimilation -Govt’s institutions based only on European styles Examples -British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma -U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands Examples -French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam -German colonies such as Tanganyika

8.  In the mid-1800s, Britain was the most powerful nation in the world.  It’s factories produced more good than those of any other country.  The British Navy guarded the oceans so that those goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe.  By the late 1800s, however, Germany and the United States were challenging Britain’s economic leadership.  Faced with possible decline, Britain looked increasingly to its colonies for markets and resources.  Following the Industrial Revolution, Europeans regarded their new technology (weaponry, telegraphs, railroads etc.) as proof they were better than other peoples.  This attitude is a reflection of racism, the belief that one race is superior to others. Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

9.  In the 1870s the Belgians began to trade with Africans in the Congo.  Fearing they would miss out on various raw materials, the other European nations scrambled to establish their presence on the continent  Especially Britain!! Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

10.  In 1884, to avoid conflict amongst themselves, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa.  No Africans were invited.  European nations agreed to the following rules regarding Africa:  Area along the Congo would remain in Leopold’s control  No nation could stake a claim without notifying other nations  Territory could not be claimed unless it was occupied  Germany: took control of Cameroon, Togo, southwest Africa, & East Africa  France: took control Tunisia, Algeria, French West Africa (including Morocco, Sahara, Sudan, Congo basin)  Italy: took control of Libya  Belgium: Took control of the Congo Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

11.  In the mid-1600s, Dutch farmers known as Boers settled in southern Africa in Cape Colony.  The Boers built Cape Town as a supply station.  In the 1700s, the Dutch herders and ivory hunters began to move north.  The British then acquired Cape Colony in the early 1800s.  In the late 1800s, the discovery of gold and diamonds in the northern Boer territory set off the Anglo-Boer war  The war was from 1899-1902 and involved bitter guerrilla fighting.  The British won, but at a great cost Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

12.  In 1910, with southern Africa secure, the British established the Republic of South Africa and instituted apartheid.  Apartheid – government policy calling for separation of the races Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

13.  Liberia  After the slave trade was outlawed, abolitionists in the United States promoted the idea of returning freed slaves to Africa.  In the early 1800s, President Monroe helped free slaves settle in Liberia. The former slaves named the capital city Monrovia in his honor.  Ethiopia  The Ethiopians kept their freedom through a successful military resistance.  Emperor Menelik II modernized the army, along with roads, bridges, and schools.  When the Italians invaded they were defeated so badly by Menelik that no other Europeans tried to take Ethiopia. Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

14. BritainFranceGermanyBelgium Home Area (Square Miles) 94,000212,600210,00011,800 Home Population (Millions) 45.54267.58.3 Global Colonial Area (Millions of Sq. Miles) 13.14.31.1.94 Global Colonial Population (Millions) 4706513 European Imperialism by 1914 Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

15. RegionPercentage Colonized Australia100% Africa90.4% Asia56.5% Americas27.2% European Imperialism by 1914 Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

16. Positive ResultsNegative Results 1. Unified national states created1. Encouraged tribal wars by creating artificial borders 2. Improved medical care, sanitation, and nutrition 2. Created population explosion  famine 3. Increased agricultural production3. Produced cash crops needed by Europeans, and not food for Africans 4. Improved transportation and communication facilities 4. Exploited natural resources: minerals, lumber, rubber, human rights. 5. Expanded educational opportunities5. Downgraded traditional African culture  westernization Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa

18.  Economic- need for new markets and raw materials  Political– boost national pride, expand territory, exercise military force  Social- racism, Social Darwinism, spread Christianity, white man’s burden Today’s Objective: Students will investigate the history and geography of imperialism in Africa YESS!!! Yeah, Kinda. Ish…..

19. Europeans Claim Muslim Lands The Ottoman Empire Loses Power Greece and Serbia gain independence European Powers look to gain Ottoman lands England gains control of: India – natural resources Suez Canal – international trade Persia – oil and tobacco Russia gains control of: Persia – oil, tobacco, & access to Indian Ocean Afghanistan – oil

20.  British Imperialism in India  British Expand Control over India  East India Company  Controls India thru economic imperialism  India was seen as the most important colony  Due to its production of raw materials  Known as the “Jewel in the Crown”  Britain found in India what it did not in Africa.  A supplier of raw material for European factories  A large market for British goods  A large workforce for factories built in India.  Indian labor and tax money went into most of the development of India.  After the improvements were made more of the British people came to India.  Europeans established certain rules that made Indians second class citizens in their own country

21.  China was a self-sufficient country which meant it did not need to trade with other countries. It had little interest in European goods which it considered inferior.  European merchants smuggled opium into China and created a demand.  The Opium War was fought to try to end the British control of the substance but China was defeated.  The Treaty of Nanking was signed which allowed Britain to establish spheres on influence in China.  Other nations were quick to take advantage of this opportunity and established their own spheres of influence  China lost land to Russia, Japan, Germany and Britain.