1. World War IISection 2 Main Idea The early years of World War II went poorly for the Allies. But after the United States joined the war, the Allies soon recovered and began making gains against the Axis. Chapter 14.2 The Allied Response

2. World War IISection 2 Allies Goals Win the Atlantic  Supply Lines Win Africa  Trade Routes to Russia Win Italy  Attack from the South Early American Involvement Countries in World War II Allies- USA, Britain, USSR, “The Big Three” Others– Poland, France, China, India, Brazil, Ethiopia, more than 50 total Axis- Germany, Italy, Japan Others– Finland, Thailand, Iraq

3. World War IISection 2 U.S. entered war on Dec. 8, 1941 Enormous task of mobilization Men and women volunteered for service Factories converted; “victory gardens” planted; scrap drives and recycling to collect materials Some negative effects of patriotism Japanese Americans placed in internment camps American Home Front

4. World War IISection 2 Winning the Atlantic German U-boats in American waters Tried to destroy American merchant ships Allied factories at full production Losses dropped sharply The Battle of the Atlantic Control of the ocean important Food and equipment for England and Soviet Union shipped by sea Germany relied on U-boats Inflicted great damage to shipping

5. World War IISection 2

6. World War IISection 2 Nearly 250,000 Axis soldiers taken prisoner 1943  all of North Africa in Allied hands The Suez Canal and M. East oil fields were essential to British Hitler was forced to send German troops to support the Italians. Afrika Korps led by Erwin Rommel Pushed British back into Egypt 1942—Battle of El Alamein British victory under Gen. Bernard Montgomery Axis power lessened in North Africa Back-and-forth fighting War in North Africa and Italy Soviets wanted European front Dwight D. Eisenhower led troops Rommel caught between forces in east and west Supply problems worsened May 1943 — surrendered to Allies Americans join the battle

7. World War IISection 2 Fighting in Italy Next Allied goal: Italy itself July 1943, Allied soldiers landed on the island of Sicily Allies capture Sicily September 1943 –Allies move into southern Italy –Strong German resistance as troops moved north –Bloody fighting continued for months

8. World War IISection 2 Siege of Leningrad Citizens under siege in Hitler’s attempt to force a surrender Winter of 1941—1942, 3-4,000 starved to death daily cost 1 million civilian lives A Turning Point in the Soviet Union 1941 German invasion halted with winter German equipment failed in bitter cold Poorly equipped troops suffered greatly

9. World War IISection 2 Germans poised to take Stalingrad Key industrial city for Soviets Factories supplied Soviet armies Ports shipped grain, oil, and other products throughout country City bombed into rubble; German troops moved in Axis soldiers with no food or ammunition Hitler—“Surrender is forbidden” 1 million Soviet soldiers died Allied victory  turning point in war Battle of Stalingrad

10. World War IISection 2 A Turning Point in the Pacific Three Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers undamaged Vital territory fell to Japanese –Singapore, Hong Kong, Burma, and strategic islands –Target —U.S.-held Philippines –U.S. general Douglas MacArthur led doomed defense –Americans surrendered in April 1942 Bataan Death March –Forced march of 70,000 American and Filipino prisoners –Brutal violence, tropical heat, and lack of food or water –Many survivors perished in inhumane prison camps

11. World War IISection 2 June 1942- Midway a strategic island — home to U.S. military base U.S. advantage — Japanese secret code broken Japan’s navy suffered terrible blow Battle of Midway First carrier battle—May 1942 A Japanese advance had been stopped Battle of the Coral Sea Carrier Battles Island Hopping Japanese lost sea advantage after Midway Allies developed island-hopping strategy Skipped over strongholds and captured weaker targets Captured islands used as bases for next attacks Bypassed Japanese strongholds cut off from outside supplies

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