1. Allied Victory: Plans To Fight on Two Fronts V-E Day and V-J Day Unit 7, SSWH 18 a

2. The North African Campaign Brit Gen Montgomery attacks at El Alamein, forces Rommel back (Turning point for Allies in Africa) Gen Dwight D. Eisenhower— American commander in Morocco In May 1943, Rommel’s forces defeated by Allies

3. Battle of Stalingrad Germans move to capture Soviet oil fields German troops capture city, then surrender after long battle (winter & Soviet troops cause win)

4. Invasion of Italy U.S., British forces land on & capture Sicily, 1943 Mussolini loses power, Germans keep control of northern Italy Allies invade Italy, Germans keep fighting there until war ends

5. Mobilizing for War Fighting the war requires complete use of all national resources 17-18 million U.S. workers—most women People at home face shortages of consumer goods (rationed food) •Propaganda aims to inspire civilians to aid war effort, support or damage cause

6. War Limits Civil Rights Japanese Americans face prejudice, fear Army puts Japanese Americans in interment camps in 1942-1945

7. D-Day Invasion Allies plan invasion of France; use deception to confuse Germans •D-Day—June 6, 1944; invasion of France Allied forces capture Normandy beaches; liberate Paris by September

8. Last Big German Battle U.S., British forces advance on Germany from west, Soviets from east Battle of the Bulge—German counterattack Dec. 1944 •Germans gain early success but forced to retreat

9. Germany’s Surrender By 1945, Allied armies approach Germany from two sides • Soviets surround Berlin in April 1945 • Hitler commits suicide •May 9, 1945, Germany officially surrenders, marking V-E Day

10. The Japanese in Retreat:1944-45 Battle of Leyte Gulf leaves Japanese navy badly damaged Kamikazes—Japanese pilots who fly suicide missions(valued country over life March ‘45, Americans capture Iwo Jima •U.S. takes Okinawa June 1945; Japan suffers huge casualties

11. Japanese Surrender Advisors warn Truman that invasion of Japan will cost many lives & $, bombs will end war quickly •Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, August 6, 1945; about 75,000 die •Nagasaki bombed on August 9; 70,000 die immediately •Japanese surrender on September 2, 1945: V-J Day