2. Your textbook defines the word imperialism in the following way, please write about what you think this definition means in your own words. Then please write down an example of imperialism, either in history or in the present day. Imperialism: a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

3. Factors Promoting Imperialism Industrial Revolution Nationalism/Economic Competition Racism Religion Geopolitics Desire for Profits

4. Factors Enabling Imperialism Guns, Germs, and Steel Maxim Gun Steam Engine Communications Quinine Disease Variety of Cultures

7. Imperialists Divide Africa Unit Themes/Big Ideas – Western Europeans raced to divide Africa among themselves. They drew territorial boundaries without regard to the Africans’ ethnic, linguistic, and cultural divisions. – African nations continue to feel the effects of European imperialism.

8. Africa Before Imperialism Hundreds of ethnic and linguistic groups. Huge empires to small villages and clans. African armies, trade networks, malaria, non- navigable rivers had kept Europeans out.

10. Industrialization Promoted Imperialism Industrialized European nations began to seek other lands Wanted resources and people to sell manufactured goods to.

11. Nations Competed for Overseas Empires “Dr. Livingston, I presume?” Dr. Livingstone traveled with group of Africans into central Africa searching for source of Nile River. Henry Stanley went looking for him, later went back to Africa to sign treaties giving Belgium control of rich lands. The Belgian Congo 80 times larger than Belgium. Exploited natural resources and treated natives brutally. Other European powers soon began to seize pieces of Africa for themselves.

14. Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa Industrial Revolution – Industrialized nations needed natural resources and markets in which to sell their manufactured goods. Nationalism/Economic Competition – European powers raced to gain control of resources. Racism – Europeans thought they were superior to Africans Desire to Christianize

15. “I contend that we [Britons] are the finest race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race.... It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo- Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses.” Cecil Rhodes, Confession of Faith, 1877

16. Forces Enabling Imperialism in Africa Maxim Gun – first automatic machine gun Steam Engine – allowed navigation of rivers and trains to move natural resources out of Africa Communications – telegraph and telephone systems Quinine – defense against malaria Variety of African Cultures/Peoples – Africans unable to unite against Europeans because they were so different. Europeans employed ‘divide and conquer’ techniques.

17. The Berlin Conference Divided Africa 1884-1885 – 14 European nations met to lay down rules for the division of Africa to prevent war among themselves. Must notify other European powers of their claim and show they can control the area. No Africans attended these meetings. Europeans divided Africa with no thought to how African ethnic or linguistic groups were distributed, which still affects Africa today.

18. The Resources of Africa Gold, diamonds, coal, copper, tin, cash crops such as peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber. Cash crops replaced food crops which often resulted in famine and starvation.

21. Three Groups Clashed Over South Africa Zulu Expansion Boers and British Settle in the Cape – Dutch first settled on Cape of Good Hope to establish way station for ships headed to Dutch East Indies. – British moved in. The Boer War – British versus Dutch over control of South Africa. Dutch (Boers) were pushed north and were soon fighting Zulu and other African groups whose land they were taking. British won.

22. African Resistance Unsuccessful Movements Resistance in French Algeria, German East Africa Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance The only African nation to successfully resist the Europeans. Menelik II played Italian, French, and British against each other, meanwhile he built up modern arsenal with weapons purchased from France and Russia. Went to war with Italy and won.

23. Impact of Colonial Rule - Imperialism generally benefited European business rather than the African people. Imperialism generally had devastating consequences for the people of Africa.

24. Negative Effects of Imperialism Many died of new diseases. Thousands died resisting Europeans. Famines resulted from switch from subsistence farming to cash crops. Breakdown of traditional culture – natives had to work in mines, on European-owned farms or on government projects such as railroad building. The wealth of Africa was stolen and went into European treasuries. Political leaders were killed/removed and no new leaders were trained. Populations prevented from gaining education. Political division of African continent still causing problems today.

25. Positive Effects Few benefits for the colonized; mostly only the imperialist powers benefitted. Humanitarian efforts in some colonies improved sanitation and brought hospitals and schools. Economic expansion – African products valued in international market. Gained railroads, dams, telephone, and telegraph lines.

27. The British Empire Suez Canal “The sun never sets on the British Empire”

34. The Lions of Tsavo Kenya Wants Tsavo Man-Eaters Back