1. ANCIENT GREECE

3. Literature Homer wrote the Iliad and Odyssey Iliad relates the adventures of Greek Military expeditions against the city of Troy Odyssey follows Odysseus’ journey home after the war Represent the values of Hellenic civilization and used to teach students the excellence of their culture and dignity

4. Bonds Uniting Greeks Gods controlled nature Religion – polytheistic –Zeus – chief god –Apollo – sun god –Athena – goddess of wisdom –Aphrodite – goddess of love Characteristics of gods; –They all lived at the top of Mt. Olympus –Gods personal lives talked about in Greek mythology –Priests received prophecies from the gods at holy places called oracles –Oracle at Delphi – was Apollo oracle, Greeks would go here to seek advice

5. Bonds Uniting Greeks Olympic Games –Held in honor of the gods –Athletic contests held every 4 years in Olympia Fear of Persia –All Greeks feared that the Persian Empire planned to conquer them. War against Persia –Persia controlled most of Middle East and Asia Minor (Greek Colonies) Darius, king of Persia set out to annex all of Greece

6. Persian War Battle of Marathon –Darius invaded Greece and was defeated at Marathon A Greek messenger ran 26 miles to Athens to share the news and died. King Xerxes (480 BC) –Son of Darius –Launched attack at the Pass of Thermopylae in northern Greece. –Defeated Spartans –Took Athens –Greeks rallied –Greece saved

7. POLIS

8. Polis A city-state city, villages, fields surround an acropolis (fortified hill) Citizens in polis had rights and responsibilities (vote, own property, etc) In return, they had to serve in gov’t or defend the polis in times of war Citizens were only land owning men Women, slaves, foreigners were not citizens and had no political, legal rights

9. Trade Growth of population forced people to look elsewhere for food b/c of bad soil Solution=TRADE!! How can you make trading easier without bartering? USE MONEY!!

10. ATHENS

11. - Unlike Sparta they developed a constitution that stated all free, Athenian-born men were citizens…regardless of what social class

12. Children in Athens Boys given an education, as they were expected to hold office as a citizen one day Girls received no formal education, just household training from mother Private tutors or schools

13. Children in Athens (cont’d) Wealthy girls would marry their father’s choice at 15 Peasant girls would choose a husband from the field Boys would train for future jobs after school They entered the military after graduation and then went onto careers such as businessmen or Olympic athletes

14. Women in Athens Wore clothes to depict their status in society –Purple you were rich Most important job for all women is having children Women not allowed to eat/sleep in same room as men, go to market or Olympics

15. Men in Athens Like their wives, wore clothes equal to their status In charge of family and house Given the most responsibility in Greece, so the most important people in Greece

17. Culture of Greece During the “Golden Age”

18. Greek Architecture Its style and influence is around the world 3 types of columns –Doric (simple) –Ionic (more decorative with scrolls) –Corinthian (most elaborate, lots of plant leaves)

19. Doric column

21. Public Building in NY

22. Ohio State Capitol Building

23. The Palace at Knossos

24. Temple of Hera: Doric Style

26. Temple of Athena: Ionic Style

27. Architecture erected many beautiful public buildings such as temples, gymnasiums, and theaters most famous ones are –Acropolis –Partheno PAINTINGS: illustrated myths and everyday life

28. Sculpture greatest Greek art not many still in existence sculptors included: –Myron and his “Discus Thrower” –Phidias who created statue of Zeus at the Temple of Olympia –Colossus of Rhodes-bronze statue more than 100 feet high from Hellenistic culture

30. Drama First people to write and perform plays Used to honor the gods Little props/scenery

31. Tragedies Earliest Greek plays Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides  writers of tragedies One of the most famous is Oresteia, on the Trojan Wars. COMEDIES: Aristophanes, one of the most famous comedic writers –Made fun of Athens

32. Philosophy S P AS  Socrates P  Plato A  Aristotle

33. Greek Philosophizers Philosophy – to understand people and relationships to gods –Socrates (469– 399) “know thyself”. Used Socratic Method to find truth (persistent questioning) Put to death for corrupting youth –Plato (427- 347) studied under Socrates. wrote discussions (dialogues) of ethics, religion and beauty. There is no moral action in the world, moral action comes from yourself (introspection) Republic most famous work, described ideal govt. – an aristocracy of intelligent trained rulers –Aristotle (384-322) Student of Plato and Also tutored Alex the Great He questioned nature of world and human thought and knowledge- invented a method for arguing using rules (scientific method)

34. Hellenistic Philosophers Epicurus –Gods had no interest in humans Zeno –Proposed people should live lives that were in harmony with nature or their gods wills

35. Hellenistic Scientists Pythagoras (582-507) a philosopher and mathematician, discovered math principles still studied in geometry –Democritus (460-352) a philosopher and scientist, advanced the theory that all matter is composed of small invisible atoms Medicine: Hippocrates –“father of modern medicine” –Hippocratic oath