1. GCSE Physical Education Injuries, Diet & The Skeletal System

2. Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson pupils should: The potential for injuries such as fractures and joint injuries Common treatment for injuries (RICE) The importance of diet, including the effect of calcium on bones

3. Injuries to Bones

4. It is in the nature of sport that people will sometimes hurt themselves, even when every possible precaution is taken A fracture is a broken or cracked bone. Fractures can occur from a blow or from a severe twisting of a joint Symptoms are likely to include pain at the site of the injury, swelling with bruising appearing later. The bone maybe also be deformed

5. Fracture

6. Types of Fracture There are several types of fracture, including: Closed fracture Compound fracture Simple fracture Stress fracture

7. Closed Fractures As the name implies, the skin over the break is not damaged, therefore the fracture is closed in

8. Compound Fractures In compound fractures, the broken bone comes through the skin

9. Simple Fractures Simple fractures takes place in one line, with no displacement of the bone. They include greenstick fractures, where only part of the bone is broken

10. Stress Fractures

11. Stress fractures are often referred to as overuse injuries. They can happen as a result of muscles becoming fatigued and unable to absorb shock Stress fractures can also occur by increasing the intensity of exercise too quickly or wearing poor quality footwear Stress fractures are also linked to osteoporosis

12. Injuries to Joints

13. Joints are where two or more bones meet They are very prone to injury because movement beyond the natural range of movement can tear and pull tendons and ligaments Frequent repetitive exercise can also result in injury to joints

14. Tennis & Golfer’s Elbow

15. Both these conditions are overuse injuries to the tendons at the elbow joints Tennis elbow results in pain on the outside of the elbow, usually from using the wrong racquet grip size Golfer’s elbow involves pain on the inside of the elbow

16. Dislocations

17. Dislocations A dislocation is when a bone at a joint is forced out of it’s normal position The most obvious signs of a dislocation is swelling and deformity When a dislocation occurs, there may also be an associated fracture of one of the bones

18. Sprains

19. Sprains A sprain is a damaged ligament Sprains often occur when stretching too far past the normal range of movement, but can also be caused by falling, twisting or a collision to the joint Sprains at the ankle and the knee are most common

20. R.I.C.E. Rest - stop playing or training Ice - The cold can provide pain relief and reduce swelling Compression - This also limits swelling and may sometime provide pain relief Elevation - raise the injury and keep it raised

21. Diet & The Skeletal System

22. A calcium-rich diet helps the bones to grow and increase in density Vitamin D is essential to the growth and maintenance of healthy bones. It is made when the skin is exposed to sunlight Smoking and too much alcohol have a toxic effect on bones

23. Learning Objectives (Revisited) By the end of this lesson pupils should: The potential for injuries such as fractures and joint injuries Common treatment for injuries (RICE) The importance of diet, including the effect of calcium on bones

24. Thank you Any questions, please do not hesitate to ask