1. AP US History Chapters 6 & 7
The Road to revolution

2. Essential Question #1
How did the events of the French and Indian War foreshadow the Revolutionary War?

4. Salutary Neglect
Unofficial British policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws.
Began in Glorious Revolution
Ended in French and Indian War
Why would Salutary Neglect be a cause of the American Revolutionary War?

6. Native Americans during the French and Indian War
Native Americans defeated Braddock and took to warpath- from frontier Penn to N. Carolina
Treaty of Paris was harsh for Iroquois, Creeks, and other interior tribes
Indians lost their most powerful diplomatic weapon- playing European powers against each other
Pontiac’s Uprising and the Proclamation of 1763

7. Results/Effects of the French and Indian War
Colonists had increased confidence in their military strength
Shattered the myth of British invincibility
British officials upset by the reluctance of colonists’ support
Those colonists who fought together discovered that they were all fellow Americans- same language, shared common ideals
F & I caused colonists to develop a new vision of their destiny

8. Essential Question #2
Did the colonists have a strong argument for revolting against the crown, or were they simply overreacting?

9. The Deep roots of revolution
Two new political ideas that developed among American colonists by the mid 1700s.
Republicanism
A society in which all citizens give in to their interests for the common good
Opposed aristocracies and monarchs
Radical Whigs
British political commentators, widely read by the colonists
Whigs feared power of the monarch threatened liberties
Americans are used to running their own affairs
“Distance weakens authority”

10. Mercantilism Mercantilism
Economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver the country has
To get more gold and silver, must export more than import
Colonies will provide raw materials to Britain (exports)
Britain to American colonies- “do not indulge in dreams of economic self-sufficiency or self-government”

11. mercantilism Navigation Law (1650)- remember?? And another thing…
All commerce to and from the colonies must be on British ships
European goods headed to colonies must pass through Britain first
American merchants must send tobacco exclusively to Britain
And another thing…
British crown reserved the right to nullify (cancel) any laws passed by the colonial assemblies that worked against the mercantilist system

12. mercantilism
Was the British mercantilist system selfish and oppressive?
Most of these new laws were not strictly enforced
John Hancock and smuggling
Americans benefitted from mercantile system
Virginia planters had monopoly in the British market
Colonists had protection from British navy and army
Problems
Annoying liabilities and dependency on British creditors
Colonists felt used, economy held back by the British

13. The Stamp act uproar Britain accumulated debt from F & I War
P.M. George Grenville’s plan
Enforce the Navigation Laws
Sugar Act of 1764 (increased tax from W. Indies)
Quartering Act of 1765
Stamp Tax of 1765 (to support the new military)
Admiralty courts
Reactions
Jeopardizing basic rights of the colonists
Radical whigs were right!
“no taxation w/o representation” vs. “virtual representation”

14. Forced repeal of the stamp act
Colonial steps toward unity
Stamp Act Congress of 1765 (little impact in America)
Nonimportation agreements against British goods
Sons/Daughters of Liberty- more violent
Repeal of the Stamp Act
All stamp agents had been forced to resign, no one to sell the stamps
Repealed in pressure from thousands of British laborers losing jobs
Victory! But wait a minute….
Declaratory Act: Britain to America- “We own you.”

16. Townshend Tea tax and the Boston massacre
Townshend Acts of 1767
Light import tax on glass, white lead, paper, pain, tea
Tax would pay salaries of royal governors and judges
Smuggling became common, British troops enter Boston (1768)
Would be repealed in 1770
Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770)
11 citizens wounded or killed, Crispus Attucks
Only 2 redcoats found guilty

18. Committees of Correspondence
Samuel Adams
Engineer or rebellion
Established the Committee of Corr.
in Boston (1772)
Comm. Of Corr.
Chief function was to spread the spirit of resistance by exchanging letters, oppose British policies
Every colony had established Comm. Of Corr.

19. Boston tea party (Dec. 16, 1773) Background Reaction
British East India Company facing bankruptcy
Cheaper tea, but principle more important
None of the tea ever reached America shores
Mass. Gov. Thomas Hutchinson
Reaction
Sympathetic colonists cheered
Conservatives complained
Hutchinson- gone

20. “intolerable acts” Parliament responds to Boston Tea Party
Boston Port Act and “Intolerable Acts”
Restrictions on town meetings
New Quartering Act
Quebec Act
Parliament’s decision on the French
Guaranteed Catholic religion, old customs
No representative assemblies or trial by jury
Extended providence of Quebec into Ohio River

21. Bloodshed First Continental Congress (1774)
Response to the “Intolerable Acts”
Address colonial grievances, NOT calling for independence
Declaration of Rights
The Association
Complete boycott of British goods
Lexington and Concord (April 1775)
British mission- seize colonial gunpowder and find Sam Adams and John Hancock

22. British Strengths and weaknesses
Population (3-1)
Wealth
Naval power
Professional army, Hessians, Loyalists, Indians
Weaknesses
Ireland and France
Lord North was no William Pitt
English Whigs cheered American victories
Army had many difficulties
3,000 miles away from home
America’s geography

23. American Strengths and weaknesses
Leadership- Washington and Franklin
Foreign Aid
Fighting a defensive war
Agriculture was self-sustaining
Belief in the cause
Weaknesses
Badly organized
Sectional jealousy
Economic difficulties

24. Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in securing its repeal? A. The Stamp Act Congress if 1765 B. Petitions to Parliament C. Nonimportation agreements D. Violent protests E. Refusal to pay the tax

25. Which of these protests against the Stamp Act was most effective in securing its repeal?
A. The Stamp Act Congress if 1765
B. Petitions to Parliament
C. Nonimportation agreements
D. Violent protests
E. Refusal to pay the tax

26. What was the most significant role of the Committees of Correspondence?
A. Writing broadsides
B. Encouraging women’s participation in boycotts and rebellions
C. Building momentum for a complete break with England
D. Seeking every colony’s participation in the first American Congress
E. Organizing local letter-writing campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies

27. What was the most significant role of the Committees of Correspondence?
A. Writing broadsides
B. Encouraging women’s participation in boycotts and rebellions
C. Building momentum for a complete break with England
D. Seeking every colony’s participation in the first American Congress
E. Organizing local letter-writing campaigns to fortify colonial resistance to British policies

28. The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally to
A. Strategize ways to redress colonial grievances
B. Declare the colony’s independence from England
C. Outline a new national government for the future United States
D. Organize a colonial army
E. Enlist the support of other countries in their conflict with England

29. The First Continental Congress met in 1774 principally to
A. Strategize ways to redress colonial grievances
B. Declare the colony’s independence from England
C. Outline a new national government for the future United States
D. Organize a colonial army
E. Enlist the support of other countries in their conflict with England

30. In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists. A
In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists? A. England provided subsidies for surplus crops B. Mercantilism helped several colonial merchants become wealthy C. It elevated some colonists to positions of political power D. It stimulated American wool manufacturing E. Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily

31. In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists. A
In what ways did mercantilism benefit the colonists? A. England provided subsidies for surplus crops B. Mercantilism helped several colonial merchants become wealthy C. It elevated some colonists to positions of political power D. It stimulated American wool manufacturing E. Britain granted them certain trade monopolies and protected them militarily

32. Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate?
A. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Townshend Acts
B. Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Intolerable Acts
C. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental Congress
D. Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, First Continental Congress
E. Declaratory Act, Quebec Act, Boston Massacre, Quartering Act

33. Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate. A
Which of the following lists is chronologically accurate? A. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Townshend Acts B. Sugar Act, Boston Massacre, The Association, Intolerable Acts C. Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, Lexington and Concord, First Continental Congress D. Sugar Act, Townshend Acts, Boston Tea Party, First Continental Congress E. Declaratory Act, Quebec Act, Boston Massacre, Quartering Act

34. Essential Question #2
Did the colonists have a strong argument for revolting against the crown, or were they simply overreacting?