1. U.S. History Standard 3
SSUSH3: Explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.
SSUSH4: Identify ideological, military and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

2. Let’s Preview the Chapter….
The American Revolution 1765 to 1783
Section 1: Causes of the Revolution
Section 2: Declaring Independence
Section 3: Turning Points of the War
Section 4: War’s End and Lasting Effects
SSUSH3: The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.
SSUSH4: Identify ideological, military and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

3. Let’s Preview the Chapter….
With which statement do you agree?
A) The Patriots were treated unfairly and were right to declare independence.
B) The Patriots were treated fairly and were wrong to declare independence.
C) The Patriots were treated fairly but were right to declare independence to avoid future conflicts with Britain.
D) The Patriots were treated unfairly but should have used diplomacy rather than war to settle their differences.

4. Read Witness History on page 97.
Discuss Adams’s definition of the American Revolution. How does his definition differ from many people’s initial ideas about the American Revolution?
How did the American Revolution change American ideas?

5. Analyze the Visual on page 96.
What harsh conditions at Valley Forge does this image show?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
What caused the colonists to rebel against the British?
What events led the colonists to declare their independence from Britain?
What factors helped the Patriots win the war?
What did the Revolution accomplish, and what ideas did it set in motion?

6. WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION?
PROCLAMATION OF 1763
SUGAR ACT (1764)
QUARTERING ACT (1765)
STAMP ACT (1765)
TOWNSHEND ACT (1767)
TEA ACT (1773)
INTOLERABLE ACTS (1774)

7. PROCLAMATION OF 1763
To prevent conflict with the Native Americans the British set forth a law which banned all colonial settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains (Ohio River Valley area/old French lands).
The colonists felt they helped the British win those lands and they did not like the Native Americans receiving the land and it convinced the colonists the British government did not care about their needs.
The colonists ignored the law and continued to move westward disobeying British laws. The British could not enforce the ban effectively.

8. Sugar Act (1764) This law raised duties (taxes) on goods imported
from any place other than England or another
British-controlled colony, especially on refined
sugar and textiles (cloth).

9. Sugar Act: intended to raise money to pay off the war debt from the French and Indian war. It also led colonial merchants and traders to argue that parliament had no right to tax the colonists because the colonists had not elected any representatives to the body English halved the duty or taxes on foreign made goods. 2. Placed duties (taxes) on certain imports that had not been taxed before. 3. Strengthen the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutions to try smuggling cases This angered the colonists!!!!

10. SUGAR ACT (1764)
Financial expert/Prime Minister George Grenville began suspecting colonial smuggling goods into the country and enacted the Sugar Act, which was an extra tax on goods due to stop colonial smuggling.
It halved the duty/taxes on foreign made molasses; placed a duty on certain imports; and strengthen the enforcement laws against smugglers.
The colonists reduced their smuggling of goods and continued to disagree about how the colonists should be taxed and governed.
Tensions began between the colonists and the British government. Colonists began making their own goods from their raw materials.

11. What was the Stamp Act and what was the colonists’ reaction to it?
The Stamp Act, enacted by parliament in 1765, was the first law that taxed the American colonists directly, rather than through duties on imports; therefore it is called—a direct tax. The Stamp Act required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for legal documents (wills), licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, playing cards, and dice.
The colonist disobeyed the law, organized protests, boycotted goods, and many times harassed the British Stamp Agents. They were angry. Colonists held the Stamp Act
Congress.

12. TOWNSHEND ACTS 1767
This act was passed to increase revenues of the British government. It was an indirect tax on imported materials such as glass, lead, rubber, paint, paper, etc. & A three- penny tax on tea.
The colonists felt the tax was unfair because they had no representation in the taxing body of the British parliament. The indirect is levied on goods or services ultimately paid by the consumer in higher prices.
The colonists reacted with rage and well-organized resistance; protesting “no taxation without representation”; colonists began making their own goods; committees of correspondence.

13. Why did the Townshend Acts anger the colonists?
The Townshend Acts angered the colonists because this was an indirect tax on imports, such as glass, lead, paint, and paper as they came into the colonies from Britain. It also imposed a three-penny tax on tea, the most popular drink in the colonies. The price of goods was higher.

14. How did the colonists feel and react to the Townshend Acts?
The colonists felt the tax was unfair because they had no representation in the taxing body of the British parliament. The indirect is levied on goods or services ultimately paid by the consumer in higher prices.
The colonists reacted with rage and well- organized resistance; protesting “no taxation without representation”; colonists began making their own goods; formed committees of correspondence.

15. TEA ACT 1773
The East India Company (official monopoly on tea imports) was hit hard economically by colonial boycotts. This tax granted the company the right to sell tea to the colonies free of the taxes that colonial tea sellers had to pay.
The colonial merchants opposed this law due to it would cut colonial merchants out of the tea trade because the East India Company could sell its tea directly to the consumers for less.
The colonial merchants continued to protest violently; a large group of rebels disguised themselves as Native Americans and dumped approximately 18,000 pounds of tea into the Boston harbor (the Boston Tea Party).

16. QUARTERING ACT (1765)
This act authorized British commanders to house soldiers in vacant homes/rooms or other buildings of the colonists.
The Quartering act completely disregarded the colonists privacy. This definitely upset the colonists….Eventually will become protected by amendment #3 of the Bill of Rights.
The colonists organized the 1st Continental Congress (protests and boycotted goods)
Declaration of Colonial Rights which stated that parliament lacked the power to impose taxes on the colonies because the colonists were not represented in parliament.

17. INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774
King George III issued a series of laws (these acts were passed due to the incident of the Boston Tea Party): (1) shut down the Boston Harbor, (2) issued the Quartering Act, (3) General Thomas Gage became new Royal governor of Massachusetts, (4) Boston placed under martial law.
The colonists would lose their revenue from trading and England tighten control over the colonies which prevented any type of smuggling, etc.
The Committees of Correspondence assembled the First Continental Congress; in September 1774, 56 delegates met in Philadelphia and drew up a Declaration of Colonial Rights which was to defend their colonial rights to handle their own affairs, supported protest in Massachusetts, and stated if the British used force against the colonies, the colonies should fight back.

18. Assignment
Compare and contrast the reactions of the colonists to the Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts.

19. Compare and Contrast the reactions of the colonists to the Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts.
The Stamp Act colonists harassed British stamp agents/distributors with the help of the Sons of Liberty, boycotted British goods, and drew up the Declaration of Rights and Grievances (stated that parliament lacked the power to impose taxes on the colonies because the colonists were not represented in parliament.)
The Townshend Act colonists verbally protested and organized new boycotts; began making American goods similar to British goods. The colonists reacted with rage and well organized resistance

20. COLONIAL GOVERNMENT VS BRITISH GOVERNMENT Colonial government had a Governor appointed by and served the king but paid by the colonial legislature. British government had a King which was an inherited executive power. Colonial government had Colonial Legislatures with Upper House or Council (appointed by the Governor and usually a prominent colonists but without inherited titles) and Lower House (elected by men who help property with about 2/3 of colonial men qualified to vote). British government had a Parliament with House of Lords (Aristocrats with inherited titles also inherited legislative power) and House of Commons (elected by men who held significant amounts of property with less than ¼ of British men qualified to vote). Formal documents provided the basis for colonial government, where as the British government consisted of a collection of accumulated laws.

21. How did the colonial government differ from the British government?
Colonial government had a Governor appointed by and served the king but paid by the colonial legislature.
Colonial government had Colonial Legislatures with Upper House or Council (appointed by the Governor and usually a prominent colonists but without inherited titles) and Lower House (elected by men who help property with about 2/3 of colonial men qualified to vote).
Formal documents provided the basis for colonial government.

22. How did the colonial government differ from the British government?
British government had a King which was an inherited executive power.
British government had a Parliament with House of Lords (Aristocrats with inherited titles also inherited legislative power) and House of Commons (elected by men who held significant amounts of property with less than ¼ of British men qualified to vote).
British government consisted of a collection of accumulated laws.

23. The Stamp Act, —a direct tax required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for legal documents (wills), licenses, newspapers, pamphlets, almanacs, playing cards, and dice. This act also caused the colonists to lose respect for the King’s office holders. The colonists realized that British ideas were not the same as the colonists.

24. Stamp Act (1765)
British tax on printed material in the colonies that outraged
colonists, resulted in boycotts against British goods, and
eventually helped lead to colonial calls for
independence. The colonists organized a
secret resistance group called the Sons
of Liberty. The colonist disobeyed the
law, organized protests, boycotted
goods, and many times harassed
the British Stamp Agents.
They were angry.

25. Why did the Stamp Act Congress issue a Declaration of Rights and Grievances?
The Stamp Act Congress issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances which demonstrated a sense of unity among the colonies by repealing the act.
The Declaration of Rights and Grievances stated that parliament lacked the power to impose taxes on the colonies because the colonists were not represented in parliament.
Benjamin Franklin helped write a Declaration of Rights and Grievances to repeal the Stamp Act.

26. *NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION*
The Stamp Act Congress issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances, which stated that Parliament lacked the power to impose taxes on the colonies because the colonists were not represented in parliament. The Stamp Act Congress demonstrated a sense of unity among the colonies.
*NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION*
"The Revolution was effected before the war commenced.
The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people…
This radical change in the principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people was the real American Revolution."                                          John Adams

27. How did Parliament respond?
Shortly afterwards, the Declaratory Act was put in place which asserted Parliament’s full right “to bind the colonies and people of America”.

28. Declaratory Act
This act stated that Parliament had the supreme authority to impose laws on the colonies. It was in effect and asserted parliament’s full right to make laws (to bind the colonies and people of America).

29. James Otis One of the leaders of the Stamp Act Congress
that protested the tax proclaiming,
“No taxation
without representation!"

30. Boycott To refuse to buy items from a country thereby
withholding money from its treasury.

31. Who was Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was a young Virginia representative apart of the individual colonial assembly.
He helped the Virginia Lower house adopt several resolutions.
As a lawyer he put together a strong collective protest stating Virginians could be taxed only by the Virginia assembly and only by their own representatives.
These resolutions were known as the Virginia Resolves.

32. Who is Patrick Henry?

33. Who was Samuel Adams? What organization did he form?
Samuel Adams was an influential political activist who helped to found the Sons of Liberty.
The Sons of Liberty was a secret resistance group formed by Boston Shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers who protested the Stamp Act.that led in the boycott of British goods.

34. Who are the Daughters of Liberty?
A successful colonial group of women formed in 1766 who showed their loyalty by participating in boycotts against British goods after the passing of the Townshend Acts.
These women used their natural abilities of weaving cloth and making clothes while boycotting British products. These home made products were called “homespun”.

35. Daughters of Liberty

36. Non Importation Agreement
Colonial consumer boycotts of British exports as a response to taxes passed by Parliament. It threatened British merchants and manufacturers with economic ruins.

37. Townshend Duties (1767) Charles Townshend, the leading government
minister who decided a new measure (other than
the stamp act) to create revenue from the
colonies. This was a new way
to make revenue from the
American colonists. In 1767,
parliament passed the
Townshend acts.
Taxes were placed on colonial
imports of glass, lead, paint,
paper, and tea.

38. Townshend Acts The Townshend Acts angered the colonists because this was an indirect tax on imports, such as glass, lead, paint, and paper as they came into the colonies from Britain. It also imposed a three-penny tax on tea, the most popular drink in the colonies. The price of goods were higher This continues the slogan: “no taxation without representation!”

39. What happened at the Liberty
What happened at the Liberty? Do you think that the colonists’ reaction to the seizing of the Liberty was justified?
A ship belonging to a merchant (John Hancock) was suspected of smuggling goods by the British soldiers. The inspector claimed Hancock neglected to pay custom taxes. This seizure triggered riots against custom agents. In response the British stationed 2,000 Redcoats (British soldiers).
If Yes, England’s policy of taxing goods that the colonists traded with other countries was unjust.
If No, custom agents were simply doing their duty by searching ships they believed to be involved in smuggling.

40. The Liberty

41. What prompted the Boston Massacre?
Off duty British soldiers and colonists had been competing for shipyard work in Boston. A mob gathered outside a custom house and taunted British soldiers. This disagreement and tension led to the Boston Massacre.
*Snowballs started the fight.

42. The Boston Massacre

43. Who was the first African American to be killed in the American Revolution?
Crispus Attucks, a sailor of African American and Native American ancestry, was an early hero of America’s struggle for freedom. He was the first to die in the Boston Massacre.

44. Why were the Committees of Correspondence created?
It was established to help the colonies communicate with other colonies about threats to American liberties and to stay informed on the British troops movements.

45. What prompted the Boston Tea Party?
The British East India Company was almost bankrupt. They could not sell their tea. So the parliament passed a law allowing them to sell the tea without a tax to the colonists. This angered many colonial merchants because it was cutting them out. Several rebels (Sons of Liberty) disguised as Native Americans dumped 18,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor which began the Boston Tea Party. In reaction, parliament passed the Intolerable Acts.

46. The Boston Tea Party