1. Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial America, 1625-1700
Chapter 3
Expansion and Diversity: The Rise of Colonial America,

2. Objectives
How and Why did the four regions of English North America develop in such divergent ways in the 17th Century?
Why did indentured servitude evolve into slavery in the plantation colonies, and why did non-plantation colonies have both fewer indentured servants and slaves?
How and Why did Indian-European relations take the courses they did in each colonial region?
Why had England’s North American colonial empire outstripped those of her European rivals by the end of the 17th century?

3. The New England Way A City on a Hill 1625-1642
King Charles move to drive all puritan influence from the Anglican church
1628 Massachusetts Bay Colony formed by Puritan Merchants, Company’s officers and stockholders went with the company
Governor John Winthrop
Mission was to create a “City on a Hill”.
By ,000 colonists lived in New England

5. The Pequot War 1637
Pequots resisted as colonial population grew and expanded
Puritans waged war against them that resulted in the founding of Connecticut

6. Dissent and Orthodoxy 1630-1650
Puritan Orthodoxy is enforced
All residents were required to attend services and pay tithes
1 teacher for every 50 households to teach children to read the Bible
Harvard College founded to educated teachers in 1636
Dissenters- Roger Williams preached separation of church and state, Williams was banished and eventually founded Rhode Island (1635).
Anne Hutchinson also banished because she questioned the moral authority of clergy. Migrated to Rhode Island
Main challenge came from merchants that resisted regulation of their businesses

8. Power to the Saints Puritans had no church hierarchy
Church run by male members and clergy
Only those that could prove their salvation were accepted as members
Male church members were allowed to vote, elected legislative body.
% of Males could vote. More democratic than England or Virginia.
Town meetings were open to all male taxpayers.

9. New England Families Male was head of the household
Divorce was allowed
Courts disciplined unruly family members that did not fulfill the proper role in the household and community
Women had no property rights
Life expectancy was better in New England and people had larger families
New Englanders farmed, made rum, lumber, fishing, business
Prosperity brought a more materialistic society

11. The Half-Way Covenant 1622
Puritan membership declined in the 1660’s and led to the signing of the half-way covenant.
Partial church membership for those that agreed to live by the creed of the church.

12. Expansion and the Native Americans 1650-1676
Indian population declined because of disease and warfare.
Food supply was decrease by expansion of colonists
Some turned to alcohol, some converted to Christianity and moved in with whites
Metacom led an Indian revolt in New England called King Philip’s War. Ended in disaster for the Indians.

13. Salem Witchcraft and the Demise of the New England Way 1691-1693
Economic resentment, breakdown of religion or community, assertive women may have contributed to the Salem With Trials.
young girls in Salem accused several of witchcraft including the Governors wife. 20 or more were executed, over 100 were imprisoned before thhe trials came to a close.

15. Chesapeake Society State and Church in Virginia Royal Colony
Settlers were granted the right to elect representatives
Charles I agreed to allow the colonists to continue this practice
Bicameral legislature
Anglican Church was official church and settlers paid taxes to the church

16. Maryland Proprietary Colony
Founded by Lord Calvert as a safe haven for Catholics
Lord Calvin was the proprietor but stayed in England
More Protestants than Catholics settled in Maryland
Act of Religious Toleration- All religious groups tolerated
Protestant controlled legislature repealed the Act.

17. Death, Gender and Kinship
% of immigrants to Chesapeake area were indentured servants.
Life expectancy was 20 years less than New England
Disease and overwork

18. Tobacco Shapes the Region 1630-1670
Tobacco was the main crop
Large landowners became very wealthy

19. Bacon’s Rebellion
Resentment of large farmers by small farmers led to Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathanial Bacon started a war with local Indians for the purpose of taking their land for small farmers
The royal governor tried to put down the rebellion and the small farmers revolted against Jamestown, burning it to the ground.
The Rebellion ended when Bacon died

21. Slavery Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619.
They were originally treated as indentured servants
Slavery eventually replace indentured servants from England

22. The Spread of Slavery: The Caribbean and Carolina
Introduction
most English immigrants went to the West Indies, Some later resettled in the Carolinas and Virginia and brought their slaves with them.
1710 Slaves represented a majority of the Carolinas population

23. Sugar and Slaves: The West Indies
Tobacco was the first export mainly produced by white indentured sservants.
Sugar plantations proved more profitable which led to the need for more labor
By 1710 slaves outnumber whites in the West Indies 4-1

24. Rice and Slaves: Carolina
English supporters of Charles II were given a tract of land in America that was named Carolina in his honor
Headright system was adopted
Northern Carolinians cultivated tobacco
Southern Carolinians raised cattle
Carolinans discovered that rice cultivation was profitable
Slaves were shipped to Southern Carolina for the Rice Plantations

25. The Middle Colonies
New Netherland and New Sweden was founded by the Dutch for fur trading
Dutch, Germans, Swedes, Africans
Multiple religious groups
Eventually annexed by Peter Stuyvesant and renamed New Amsterdam

27. English Conquest: New York and the Jerseys
1664 Charles II gave New Netherland to his bother the Duke of York who changed the name to New York.
Land was granted to land lords, friends of James who became almost as wealthy as the South Carolina planters.
Lord Berkley and Sir Philip Carteret took over the area for King James and it became a royal colony named New Jersey

28. Quaker Pennsylvania
Charles II owed a debt to William Penn so he gave him a huge tract of land in America
Penn was a Quaker and founded the colony on Quaker principles
Founded Philadelphia as a center of trade
Lower Delaware separated in and formed their own colony

30. Rivals For North America
France claims a Continent
Louis XIV sent 600 settlers yearly into the Ohio Valley, mainly fur traders
French claimed the entire Mississippi Basin and called it Louisiana

31. New Mexico: The Pueblo Revolt
Spain attacked the Pueblo Indians and forced them to convert to Catholicism and work on Encomiendas
1680 Indian leader name Pope led the Indians in revolt

32. Florida and Texas Indians revolted repeatedly against Spanish rule
1680 English from the Carolinas and Creek Indians
French in Louisiana also threatened Spanish
Spain responded by building a settlement in Texas 1716