1. The Northern Colonies
Chapter 2, Section 3

2. Puritans and Separatists
Puritans – wanted to “purify” the church by making further reforms or changes to the church
Separatists – wanted complete separation from the Church of England because there were still traces of Catholicism in the religion
In England, Separatists and Puritans were fined or put in prison for worshiping in a different way than the Church of England

3. Founding Plymouth Colony
Pilgrims came over on the Mayflower in 1620
William Bradford headed the group
The Virginia Company funded the expedition
became a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

4. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Massachusetts Bay Company was started to make a profit and create a refugee for Puritans
John Winthrop led the new colony
Massachusetts Bay Colony was started in 1630
Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay inspired the Great Migration – 20,000 English men and women came to New England between 1620 and 1643

5. Witchcraft Trials in Salem
Salem was a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Several girls showed strange behavior and claimed to have been bewitched
Forced confessions of witchcraft caused hysteria in the town
Hundreds of people were arrested, nineteen people were executed, others died in jail
The scare soon passed and people were released from jail

6. Connecticut Colony Started by Thomas Hooker
Left the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he believed in the separation of church and state
1639 – Thomas Hooker and the Connecticut Colony adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
It was the first written constitution in America
Gave voting rights to all free men, not just church members

7. Rhode Island Colony Started by Roger Williams
He believed in religious tolerance and left the Massachusetts Bay Colony to pursue
Government and church were separate
People of all faiths, including Jews were accepted

8. New Hampshire Colony
Anne Hutchinson was outspoken about her different religious beliefs and was eventually imprisoned, tried, and banned from the Massachusetts Bay Colony
She left and went to Rhode Island
Her brother-in-law started a settlement in what is now New Hampshire in 1638
It was a royal colony and was the last of the New England colonies to be created

9. New England Education and Public Schools
Public school systems started in New England because Puritans wanted their children to be able to read the Bible and learn a skill
Laws were passed to set up elementary and grammar schools
Girls learned reading, writing, and math in a woman’s home
Boys had more opportunities for education including colleges in the 1700s

10. Colonial Government
Some colonies were ruled by individuals and some by joint-stock companies, but many were eventually ruled solely by the King
Town meetings were where democracy was seen
Only church members and property owners were allowed to vote

11. Relations with Native Americans
English settlements expanded and colonists came into contact with Natives
Pequot War – conflict in Connecticut over land and trade
The war almost wiped out the Pequot Natives
King Philip’s War – Wampanoag leader led attacks that destroyed colonial towns and the colonists burned villages and crops in return
The war ended up almost wiping out the Wampanoags and gave the white settlers more land

12. The Middle and Southern Colonies
Chapter 2, Section 4

13. Proprietary Colonies
England owed money to individuals who lent it to the monarchy
To repay them, King Charles II gave land to them in the Americas
These colonies were called proprietary colonies
Those who owned the land ruled the colony
New York, New Jersey, Carolina, and Pennsylvania became proprietary colonies

14. New York Colony
King Charles II gave the land to James, the Duke of York (hence the name New York)
English, Dutch, Scandinavians, Germans, French, Native Americans, and enslaved Africans lived in New York
Religious tolerance was allowed
The fur trade was a major money maker for people in New York

15. New Jersey Colony
James, the Duke of York, gave land to Sir George Carteret and Sir John Berkley
They named the land New Jersey after Carteret’s home
Berkley ended up selling his portion of the land to English Quakers, which became Pennsylvania and Delaware

16. Pennsylvania Colony
The Quakers settled Pennsylvania under William Penn
Believed in the equality of all men and women
Did not believe in social classes or war
Allowed religious tolerance
Penn recognized Native American’s right to land

17. Delaware Colony
First settled by the Swedes, then the Dutch, and later the English
Penn wanted access to water so he persuaded the Duke of York to give him land near the Delaware River and bay
This land became Delaware
It was a major trade route

18. Maryland Colony
Lord Baltimore founded the colony as a haven for Catholics and for personal wealth
More Protestants than Catholics ended up settling there and clashes were common
Toleration Act was passed that protected the right of all Christians to practice their religion

19. The Carolinas
Representative assembly and religious toleration to attract settlers
Southern Carolina: port city of Charleston, prosperous estates, large plantations for rice and indigo, dependent on slave labor
Northern Carolina: small farmers, little to no slave labor
Eventually became to separate colonies, North Carolina and South Carolina

20. Georgia
Made to be a “buffer zone” between Spanish Florida and the colonies
James Oglethorpe settled the colony as a place for debtors
English prisons had terrible conditions and honest people were thrown in there because they couldn’t pay their debts