1. Opposition to the power of the national government
Question 3
Opposition to the power of the national government

2. Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, this development often faced serious opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of those opposed to the growing power of the national government in TWO of the following: Whiskey Rebellion (1794), Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions ( ), Hartford Convention ( ), Nullification Crisis ( ).

3. What is your task?
Compare two events that opposed the power of the federal government – what were the cause (motives) and effects of such opposition
How successful were these events in history in opposing the power of the government

4. BRAINSTORM! Whiskey Rebellion Cause?
Tax on whiskey – to fund the national debt part of A. Hamilton’s financial plan
Farmers sensed they are being controlled by eastern interests
internal tax fought against during revolution
Reflects conflict between coastal and backcountry regions – rum v. whiskey
Results?
Rebellion failed and the authority of government was strengthened – big show of force by Washington with troops- rebellion not tolerated

5. Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Cause?
Opposed Alien and Sedition Acts
Written by Jefferson and Madison
Declared national government violated Bill of Rights
declared states have right to judge whether federal government threatens people’s liberties
Can declare federal law null and void
Results?
Influential; rallied Republican opinion and provided precedent for states’ rights advocates

6. Hartford Convention
Cause?
Opposition to War of 1812 (“Mr. Madison’s War”)
Federalist in the Northeast threatened secession as war continues
Delegates from New England met in Hartford, Conn to discuss possible secession
Condemned the war – hurting their economy – trade based economy
Proposed constitutional amendments to limit power of federal government (presidents from Virginia!)
Results?
Led to demise of federalist party

7. Nullification Crisis
Cause?
Tariff of 1828 – Tariff of Abominations
states’ rights and power of central government
Southerners feared abolitionist sentiment in the North and continuation of high tariffs – hurts southern economy – sectionalism
John C. Calhoun expanded on idea of nullification expressed in Virginia and Kentucky resolutions states have the right to
Force Bill issued by A. Jackson will use force if necessary
Results?
Compromise Tariff of 1833 with both sides claiming victory – force bill nullified – issue not resolved

8. What two events would you choose?
Are there any connections between the events?
Do two of the have similar motives (political or economic)?
Do two of them indicate success in challenging the power of the federal government?

9. Outine your essay 1st paragraph – 2nd Paragraph 3rd paragraph
Introduction – define terms introduce the time period
thesis
2nd Paragraph
Transition sentence
Topic
Evidence to support claims
transition
3rd paragraph
Same as paragraph 2
4th paragraph
Compare the oppositions
Similarities /differences in events
5th paragraph
Conclusion
Yes/but statements
Confirm argument

10. Outlining is important part of prewriting!!!
This is a must in writing –
Keeps you focused on the topics – need to focus on one idea in each paragraph
Without taking the time to organize your essay you could make the following mistakes:
Leave out information from brainstorming
Make too many generalizations
Wonder off topic

11. Formulate your thesis -
ALWAYS check your thesis
Does it answer the question?
Did you address all parts of the question in your thesis?
Did you simply restate the question?

12. NOW you are ready to start writing
Introduction – define terms or time period
Since the formation of the Constitution of the United States, the power of the government has expanded due to various events. Decisions of the Supreme Court headed by John Marshall, the creation of the Bank, and federal control of interstate commerce resulted in loose interpretation of the constitution led to increased power.
simply starting your essay with a thesis can lead to confusion and indicate lack of knowledge of time period

13. THESIS – which one is better
Since the formation of the Constitution of the United States, the power of the government has expanded due to various events. Decisions of the Supreme Court headed by John Marshall, the creation of the Bank, and federal control of interstate commerce resulted in loose interpretation of the constitution led to increased power. Although the power of the government increased, there were often protests which at times challenged the powers of the government.
The national government as created in 1789 by the constitution in its infancy was subject to a variety of threats for a variety of reasons. The Whiskey Rebellion in 1794 and the Hartford Convention in show clearly the different kinds of obstacle the fledgling government was forced to overcome. With motives ranging from high taxes to fear for trade an the actions from armed rebellion to review of the constitution, many would have liked the government to falter when it did not.

14. Most common mistakes
Thesis statements did not address motives and effectiveness
Lack of knowledge and specific evidence
no clear understanding of events
No correlation between events – no connections
Did not address effectiveness of opposition
Lack of organization
How can I improve
Thesis test –
Make sure you know what is being asked!
Support your essay with outside information
Make sure you have a clear understanding of time period
ORGANIZE your thoughts in pre-writing – create an outline!

15. Avoid specific dates and numbers if you are not sure
Avoid phrases – on the other hand, as seen in document B, the statement is true because,
Avoid specific dates and numbers if you are not sure
– in the early 1900s – mid 1900s or late 1900s
Substantial, the minority, the majority, a small number
Avoid abbreviations without first giving definition or explanation
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) then use CIA in writing
Avoid FLUFF – stick to the facts that support main idea – BE SPECIFIC
write lean, logical, precise
Never use first person in writing – you are writing about the past
Never use contractions in formal writing
Never use quotes – make inferences
Never use rhetorical questions
Never make generalizations you cannot defend
Never use simple language – use academic language of the course
Never use ( ) – either include it in your writing or not confusing to reader – shows indecisiveness