1. Growth of Papal Monarchy: Network of dioceses and parishes Applied to by clergy Stable succession Court of appeal in canon law Theory of papal monarchy

2. Innocent III (p. 1198-1216) Description of own position Fourth Crusade Negotiations with schismatic churches Internal crusades e.g. vs. Cathars, 1209-29

3. Innocent III (p. 1198-1216) Fourth Lateran Council, 1215 Involvement in politics e.g. Holy Roman Empire 1197 Death of Emperor Henry VI Otto (Welf)

4. 1215 Election and crowning of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen as Holy Roman Emperor (reigns until 1250)

5. Philip II Augustus (r. 1179-1223) Louis IX (r. 1226-70) 1199-1216 Reign of John of England 1214 Battle of Bouvines 1216 French briefly occupy eastern England

6. Louis VIII (r. 1223-26) Louis IX (r. 1226-70) Jean de Joinville (d. 1317) Blanche of Castile 1247-54 Louis IX on Crusade in Egypt Parlement

7. 1215-50 Reign of Frederick II 1245 Pope deposes Frederick, nobles rebel

8. 1227 Frederick excommunicated 1239 Frederick excommunicated (again) 1245 Innocent IV (p. 1243-54) deposes Frederick 1250 Death of Frederick

9. 1250-54 Reign of Conrad IV 1254-73 Interregnum 1273-91 Reign of Rudolph of Hapsburg 1282-1302 War of the Sicilian Vespers, between rulers of Anjou and Aragon

10. 1204-14 John seeks to extract money from subjects 1214 Battle of Bouvines

11. 1215 Magna Carta 1230s Development of parliament 1258 Barons rebel against Henry III (r. 1216-72) 1297 Revolt against Edward I (r. 1272-1308)

12. 1290 Expulsion of Jews from England

13. 1212 Christians defeat Almohads at Las Navas de Tolosa. Further conquests follow Cortes Alfonso X the Wise of Castile (r. 1252-84)