1. Turbo TAKS Week 5 Lesson 1: Law of Conservation of Mass Lesson 2: Water Lesson 3: Solutions Lesson 4: Acids/Bases

2. Lesson 1 Law of Conservation of Mass Balancing Equations

3. Law of Conservation of Mass During chemical changes, matter cannot be created or destroyed, but only converted from one form to another. Substances in chemical reactions may change their properties or number, but the total amount of matter must remain the same. The observation is known as the Law of Conservation of Mass. The total mass of substances does not change during a chemical reaction.

4. According to the law of conservation of mass, how much zinc was present in the zinc carbonate?

5. Balancing Chemical Equations 1. Write down the number of each of the atoms found Left side = reactants Right side = products 2. Begin to balance Let’s try…. __ Mg (g) + _ NH 3 (g)  __ H 2 (g) + __Mg 3 N 2 (s) RP

6. _3_ Mg (g) + _2_ NH 3 (g)  _3_ H 2 (g) + __Mg 3 N 2 (s) ReactantsProducts Mg- 1 3 N- 1 2 H- 3 6 Mg- 3 N- 2 H- 2 6 BALANCED!!!

7. Lesson 2: Water

8. Properties of Water 2-2-  + Water is polar. Water forms hydrogen bonds. When water freezes it expands.

9. Polar liquids tend to dissolve in polar solvents. “Like dissolve like” The more polar bonds in the molecule, the better it dissolves in a polar solvent. Miscible liquids: mix in any proportions. Immiscible liquids: do not mix. Like Dissolves Like

10. Substances that don’t dissolve are called insoluble. E.g. Petroleum (crude oil), which is non-polar So if you want to dissolve grease, which is non-polar, you need to use a non-polar solvent. Petroleum is a non-polar organic molecule.

11. Ice is an insulator.

12. Lesson 3 Solutions

13. What is solubility? The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

14. Solutions Solutions—homogeneous mixture of two or more substances The component present in greater proportion is called the solvent, the one in lesser proportion is called the solute. Saline solution is another example — salt is the solute and water is the solvent.

15. Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature Factor - Temperature Factor - i) Solids/Liquids- Solubility increases with increased temperature. ii) gas - Solubility decreases with increased temperature. Pressure Factor - Pressure Factor - ii) gas - Solubility increases with pressure. Increased pressure squeezes gas solute into solvent.

16. More factors affecting solubility Agitation – shaking or stirring Surface area – the greater the surface area, the faster a solute will dissolve. Pressure – Only affects gases.

17. Saturated/unsaturated solutions

18. To dissolve 120 g the temp must be raised to 80 o C at 50 o 88.0 g of KNO 3 will dissolve

19. Lesson 4: Acids and Bases

20. Acids (Properties) Taste Sour Turn Red litmus Blue Neutralize bases React with metals pH below 7 Examples: Juices: Tomato, Orange, Grapefruit Wine Banana Coffee Vitamin C Soda Acids-Bases Characteristics Base (Properties) Tastes Bitter Turns Blue litmus Red Neutralizes acids Turns metal into hydroxides pH above 7 Slippery Examples: Milk of Magnesia Lime water Lye, Drano Ammonia blood Soap

22. Equipment used to test acidity Litmus paper pH meter