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Mental and Emotional Health. What Is Mental Health? Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling.

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Presentation on theme: "Mental and Emotional Health. What Is Mental Health? Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling."— Presentation transcript:

1 Mental and Emotional Health

2 What Is Mental Health? Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity. Refers to the successful performance of mental function, resulting in productive activities, fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to adapt to change and cope with adversity.

3 Mental Disorder In America Mood Disorders Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Autism Autism Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease

4 Mood Disorders Approximately 20.9 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year, have a mood disorder. Approximately 20.9 million American adults, or about 9.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year, have a mood disorder. The median age of onset for mood disorders is 30 years. The median age of onset for mood disorders is 30 years. Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders and substance abuse. Depressive disorders often co-occur with anxiety disorders and substance abuse.

5 Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorders Major Depressive Disorders Dysthymic Disorders Dysthymic Disorders Bipolar Disorders Bipolar Disorders Suicide Suicide

6 Major Depressive Disorders: Signs and Symptoms This is when a person is feeling down, low, and hopeless for weeks at a time. This is when a person is feeling down, low, and hopeless for weeks at a time. –Persistent sad, anxious, or "empty" mood. –Feelings of hopelessness, pessimism. –Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, helplessness. –Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities that were once enjoyed.

7 Dysthymic Disorders Symptoms of dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression) must persist for at least two years in adults (one year in children). Symptoms of dysthymic disorder (chronic, mild depression) must persist for at least two years in adults (one year in children). Dysthymic disorder affects approximately 1.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. Dysthymic disorder affects approximately 1.5 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year.

8 Bipolar Disorders Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. Bipolar disorder affects approximately 5.7 million American adults, or about 2.6 percent of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. The median age of onset for bipolar disorders is 25 years. The median age of onset for bipolar disorders is 25 years. –Also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function.

9 Con’t Typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. Typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. Can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. Can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance, and even suicide. Causes dramatic mood swings—from overly "high" and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between. Causes dramatic mood swings—from overly "high" and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, and then back again, often with periods of normal mood in between.

10 What Are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder? Increased energy, activity, and restlessness. Increased energy, activity, and restlessness. Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood. Excessively "high," overly good, euphoric mood. Extreme irritability. Extreme irritability. Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another. Racing thoughts and talking very fast, jumping from one idea to another. Distractibility, can't concentrate well. Distractibility, can't concentrate well. Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers Unrealistic beliefs in one's abilities and powers

11 Con’t Poor judgment Poor judgment A lasting period of behavior that is different from usual. A lasting period of behavior that is different from usual. Increased sexual drive. Increased sexual drive. Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications. Abuse of drugs, particularly cocaine, alcohol, and sleeping medications. Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior. Provocative, intrusive, or aggressive behavior. Denial that anything is wrong. Denial that anything is wrong.

12 Suicide Facts In 2004, 32,439 (approximately 11 per 100,000) people died by suicide in the U.S. In 2004, 32,439 (approximately 11 per 100,000) people died by suicide in the U.S. More than 90 percent of people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, most commonly a depressive disorder or a substance abuse disorder. More than 90 percent of people who kill themselves have a diagnosable mental disorder, most commonly a depressive disorder or a substance abuse disorder. Four times as many men as women die by suicide. Four times as many men as women die by suicide. however, women attempt suicide two to three times as often as men. however, women attempt suicide two to three times as often as men.

13 Facts Con’t Highest rates: Highest rates:  Non-Hispanic Whites — 12.9 per 100,000  American Indian and Alaska Natives — 12.4 per 100,000 Lowest rates: Lowest rates: –Non-Hispanic Blacks — 5.3 per 100,000  Asian and Pacific Islanders — 5.8 per 100,000  Hispanics — 5.9 per 100,000 Most suicide attempts are expressions of extreme distress, not harmless bids for attention. Most suicide attempts are expressions of extreme distress, not harmless bids for attention. A person who appears suicidal should not be left alone and needs immediate mental-health treatment. A person who appears suicidal should not be left alone and needs immediate mental-health treatment.

14 Schizophrenia Approximately 2.4 million American adults, or about 1.1 percent of the population age 18 and older in a given year, have schizophrenia. Approximately 2.4 million American adults, or about 1.1 percent of the population age 18 and older in a given year, have schizophrenia. Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency. Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency. Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their late teens or early twenties. Schizophrenia often first appears in men in their late teens or early twenties. In contrast, women are generally affected in their twenties or early thirties. In contrast, women are generally affected in their twenties or early thirties.

15 Con’t Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that affects about 1 percent of people all over the world. Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and disabling brain disorder that affects about 1 percent of people all over the world. People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices others don’t hear, believe that others are broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others are plotting to harm them. People with schizophrenia sometimes hear voices others don’t hear, believe that others are broadcasting their thoughts to the world, or become convinced that others are plotting to harm them. They become fearful and withdrawn and cause difficulties when they try to have relationships with others. They become fearful and withdrawn and cause difficulties when they try to have relationships with others.

16 What are the symptoms of schizophrenia? Positive symptoms- are unusual thoughts or perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorders of movement. Positive symptoms- are unusual thoughts or perceptions, including hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorders of movement. Negative symptoms- represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life. Negative symptoms- represent a loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life. Cognitive symptoms- (or cognitive deficits) are problems with attention, certain types of memory, and the executive functions that allow us to plan and organize. Cognitive symptoms- (or cognitive deficits) are problems with attention, certain types of memory, and the executive functions that allow us to plan and organize.

17 Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias. Anxiety disorders include panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and phobias. Approximately 40 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18.1 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder. Approximately 40 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 18.1 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with depressive disorders or substance abuse. Anxiety disorders frequently co-occur with depressive disorders or substance abuse.

18 Panic Disorder Approximately 6 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 2.7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have panic disorder. Approximately 6 million American adults ages 18 and older, or about 2.7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have panic disorder. Panic disorder typically develops in early adulthood (median age of onset is 24), but the age of onset extends throughout adulthood. Panic disorder typically develops in early adulthood (median age of onset is 24), but the age of onset extends throughout adulthood.

19 What is Panic Disorder? Sudden attacks of terror, usually accompanied by: Sudden attacks of terror, usually accompanied by:  Pounding heart  Sweatiness  Weakness  Faintness  Dizziness This can be successfully treated. This can be successfully treated.

20 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Approximately 2.2 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 1.0 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have OCD. Approximately 2.2 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 1.0 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have OCD. The first symptoms of OCD often begin during childhood or adolescence, however, the median age of onset is 19. The first symptoms of OCD often begin during childhood or adolescence, however, the median age of onset is 19.

21 What is OCD? OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). OCD, is an anxiety disorder and is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Obsessions- hand washing, counting, checking, or cleaning. Obsessions- hand washing, counting, checking, or cleaning.

22 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Approximately 7.7 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 3.5 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD. Approximately 7.7 million American adults age 18 and older, or about 3.5 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have PTSD. PTSD can develop at any age, including childhood, median age of onset is 23 years. PTSD can develop at any age, including childhood, median age of onset is 23 years.

23 What is PTSD? An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. An anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a terrifying event or ordeal in which grave physical harm occurred or was threatened. Violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat may trigger PTSD. Violent personal assaults, natural or human-caused disasters, accidents, or military combat may trigger PTSD.

24 Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Approximately 6.8 million American adults, or about 3.1 percent of people age 18 and over, have GAD in a given year. Approximately 6.8 million American adults, or about 3.1 percent of people age 18 and over, have GAD in a given year. GAD can begin across the life cycle, though the median age of onset is 31 years old GAD can begin across the life cycle, though the median age of onset is 31 years old

25 What is GAD? An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it. An anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety, exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it. Accompanied by physical symptoms, especially fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot flashes. Accompanied by physical symptoms, especially fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, twitching, irritability, sweating, and hot flashes.

26 Social Phobia Approximately 15 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 6.8 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have social phobia. Approximately 15 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 6.8 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have social phobia. Social phobia begins in childhood or adolescence, typically around 13 years of age. Social phobia begins in childhood or adolescence, typically around 13 years of age.

27 What is Social Phobia? An anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self- consciousness in everyday social situations. An anxiety disorder characterized by overwhelming anxiety and excessive self- consciousness in everyday social situations.  Fear of speaking in formal or informal situations  May be so broad that a person experiences symptoms almost anytime they are around other people.

28 Con’t Have a persistent, intense, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and being embarrassed or humiliated by their own actions. Have a persistent, intense, and chronic fear of being watched and judged by others and being embarrassed or humiliated by their own actions. Their fear may be so severe that it interferes with work or school, and other ordinary activities. Their fear may be so severe that it interferes with work or school, and other ordinary activities. Physical symptoms such as blushing, profuse sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty talking. Physical symptoms such as blushing, profuse sweating, trembling, nausea, and difficulty talking.

29 Agoraphobia Approximately 1.8 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 0.8 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder. Approximately 1.8 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 0.8 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder. The median age of onset of agoraphobia is 20 years of age. The median age of onset of agoraphobia is 20 years of age.

30 What is Agoraphobia? Agoraphobia involves intense fear and anxiety of any place or situation where escape might be difficult, leading to avoidance of these situations. Agoraphobia involves intense fear and anxiety of any place or situation where escape might be difficult, leading to avoidance of these situations.  being alone outside of the home.  traveling in a car, bus, or airplane.  or being in a crowded area.

31 Specific Phobia Approximately 19.2 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 8.7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have some type of specific phobia. Approximately 19.2 million American adults age 18 and over, or about 8.7 percent of people in this age group in a given year, have some type of specific phobia. Specific phobia typically begins in childhood; the median age of onset is seven years. Specific phobia typically begins in childhood; the median age of onset is seven years.

32 What is Specific Phobia? Specific phobia involves marked and persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. Specific phobia involves marked and persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation.

33 Eating Disorders Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder. Females are much more likely than males to develop an eating disorder. In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 percent of females suffer from anorexia, and an estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent suffer from bulimia. In their lifetime, an estimated 0.5 percent to 3.7 percent of females suffer from anorexia, and an estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent suffer from bulimia. The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or approximately 5.6 percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than the annual death rate due to all causes of death among females ages 15-24 in the general population. The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been estimated at 0.56 percent per year, or approximately 5.6 percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than the annual death rate due to all causes of death among females ages 15-24 in the general population.

34 What are Eating Disorders? The three main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. The three main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. –Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge.

35 Con’t –Anorexia- People with this disorder see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. –Bulimia- People with bulimia often perform the behaviors in secrecy, feeling disgusted and ashamed when they binge, yet relieved once they purge. –frequent episodes of out-of-control eating, with the same binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia

36 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ADHD, one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents, also affects an estimated 4.1 percent of adults, ages 18-44, in a given year. ADHD, one of the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents, also affects an estimated 4.1 percent of adults, ages 18-44, in a given year. Becomes evident in preschool or early elementary years. Becomes evident in preschool or early elementary years.

37 What is ADHD? have impaired functioning in multiple settings, including home, school, and in relationships with peers. have impaired functioning in multiple settings, including home, school, and in relationships with peers. –Impulsiveness: Acts without thinking first. –Hyperactivity: Can’t sit still for long periods of time. –Inattention: Day dreams and gets side tracked easily.

38 Autism A recent study reported the prevalence of autism in 3-10 year-olds to be about 3.4 cases per 1000 children. A recent study reported the prevalence of autism in 3-10 year-olds to be about 3.4 cases per 1000 children. Autism and other ASDs develop in childhood and generally are diagnosed by age three. Autism and other ASDs develop in childhood and generally are diagnosed by age three. Autism is about four times more common in boys than girls. Autism is about four times more common in boys than girls. However girls, tend to have more severe symptoms and greater cognitive impairment. However girls, tend to have more severe symptoms and greater cognitive impairment.

39 What is Autism? Cause severe and pervasive impairment in thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to others. Cause severe and pervasive impairment in thinking, feeling, language, and the ability to relate to others.

40 Alzheimer's Disease Affects an estimated 4.5 million Americans. Affects an estimated 4.5 million Americans. The number of Americans with AD has more than doubled since 1980. The number of Americans with AD has more than doubled since 1980. Most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older. Most common cause of dementia among people age 65 and older. In most cases with AD, symptoms first appear after age 65. In most cases with AD, symptoms first appear after age 65. Rare forms can come as early as 30’s and 40’s. Rare forms can come as early as 30’s and 40’s.

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