1. Plants

2. Plant Characteristics
What are the characteristics of a plant?
Eukaryotic cells (cells have a nucleus)
Multicellular
Have cell wall made of cellulose (sugar)
Autotrophic (get food from photosynthesis)
Reproduce sexually or asexually

3. Vascular v. Non-vascular Plants
What are 2 main groups of plants?
What are the traits of non-vascular plants?
Non-vascular
Vascular
They do NOT have special tissues that carry water or nutrients through the plant
They are very small
Use osmosis to take in water
Live in shady moist places

4. Plant Tissues What are traits of vascular plants What is xylem?
Contains special tissues called xylem and phloem that carry water and nutrients
They are large plants
Some have flowers (angiosperms), some don’t (gymnosperms)
Hollow tubes that carry water up from the roots to the leaves

5. Plant Tissues What is phloem?
Hollow tubes that carry sugar down from the leaves to the roots

6. Plant Parts What are the main parts of a plant?
What are the functions of the roots?
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Absorb water and nutrients for the plants
Hold the plant to the ground
Store extra food for the plant. Plant food is starch (a polysaccharide)

7. Plant Parts What are the functions of stem?
What are the functions of the leaves?
Supports the plant
Carries nutrients, glucose, and water
Gets leaves closer to the sun
PHOTOSYNTHESIS!!
Transpiration
Gas exchange

8. Plant Parts What is photosynthesis? What is transpiration?
What are stomates (stomata)?
A process that uses sunlight to convert CO2 and H2O into glucose
It occurs in the chloroplasts (plant cells only)
The loss of water and CO2 through the stomates (stomata) of a leaf
Openings on the underside of a leaf that allow CO2, H2O and O2 to enter and leave the leaf

9. stomate
Guard cell

10. Plant Parts What is involved in gas exchange?
Movement of CO2, H2O and O2 into and out of a leaf
Occurs through stomata (stomates)
The transport that moves Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide is Diffusion.
The transport moving water is Osmosis and Capillary Action

11. Transport of Water Osmosis Passive Transport-requires no energy.
Moves with the concentration gradient (high to low)
Plants prefer Hypotonic
Water is stored in the central vacuole
Capillary Action
Helps move water through the Xylem and out the stomata
It is the water molecules will be attracted to each other and the walls of the tube causing the level to rise.

12. Plant Parts What are the parts of a leaf?
Cuticle-waxy covering on the top of the leaf that helps it retain water
Epidermis-the skin of the leaf; blocks pathogens (disease causing stuff)
Mesophyll-cells where photosynthesis occurs
Vascular tissue-xylem and phloem

13. Plant Reproduction What are the parts and functions of a flower
The function: attract pollinators, produce pollen (sperm), and ovules (eggs)
Male parts (stamen)
Pollen; the part of flower that contains sperm cells
Anther; the part of the stamen that makes pollen
Filament; a long stalk that hold up the anther

14. Boy parts
anthers
filament
stamen

15. anther
filament
More boy parts

16. Plant Reproduction Female parts (pistil)
Stigma; the sticky tip of the pistil where the pollen attaches
Style; the long tube connecting the stigma to the ovary; sperm travel down this tube
Ovary; the swollen part at the bottom of the pistil that contains the ovules
Ovules; eggs
What are the parts and functions of a flower?

17. stigma
style
Pistil
Girl parts
anthers

18. Ovary
ovary
ovules

19. Plant Reproduction What are the parts and functions of a flower?
Accessory parts (not male or female)
Petals; usually brightly colored; attract insects for pollination
Sepal; usually green; protects the flower while it’s developing
Receptacle; bottom of the flower that holds all the parts together

20. receptacle
sepals

21. Plant Reproduction Pollination Fertilization
The transfer of sperm from the anther to the stigma
The uniting of sperm and egg

22. Plant Responses How do plants respond to the environment?
What are auxins?
Hormones control
Patterns of growth
Responses to environment
Plant hormones that control
Phototropism
Gravitropism
Branching

23. Tropisms (turning) What is phototropism?
The tendency of a plant to bend toward a light source

24. Tropisms (turning) What is gravitropism?
The response of a plant to the force of gravity
Stems grow up
Roots grow down

25. Tropisms (turning) What is thigmotropism
The response of a plant to touch
Vines curl around a trellis
Sensitive plant closes its leaves when touched
Venus fly trap