1. Literary Elements Review

2. Foreshadowing A hint used by an author of something to come Example: When Simba and Mufasa are looking up at the stars and have a conversation about always being together https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRVRxv NYR7Y

3. Mood The feelings evoked in readers through the words and description in a story Example: Mufasa’s death scene in The Lion King evokes a sad and desperate mood

4. Theme/Central Idea The CENTRAL or underlying idea/meaning of a literary work Themes/Central Ideas should always be written as a statement Example: In The Lion King, In order to find your place in the world, you must confront your fears.

5. Syntax The choice and arrangement of words in a sentence Example: Using long sentences, short sentences, complex sentences etc.

6. Allusion An indirect reference to a person, place, thing, idea, historical/cultural event, other literary work etc. Example: The Lion King is a biblical allusion to the story of Moses. Like Moses, Simba was driven from his home after being wrongfully accused of murder. Like Moses, he grows to maturity and then is instructed by a godly figure to return to his land and help save the people.

7. Simile A comparison using like or as Example: “I know that your power of retention ARE as wet as a warthogs backside.” (“Be Prepared” The Lion King)

8. Onomatopoeia A word which mimics the sound it represents Examples: bang, thud, swish

9. Personification When a thing, idea or animal is given human qualities Example: The animals in The Lion King act like humans. Example: “The fire spit flames”

10. Metaphor When a comparison is made indirectly (not using like or as) Example: Scar is the black sheep of the family in The Lion King. He is not literally a black sheep. A black sheep would be an outsider to their herd, and Scar is an outsider to his family.

11. Characterization How characters are explained and described in a text This could include their physical attributes, behavior, feelings, thoughts etc. Example: Scar’s physical appearance and scary voice in The Lion King helps to let the audience know he is the villain

12. Conflict The struggle between 2 opposing forces Man vs. Man, Man vs. Nature, Man vs. self, Internal, External Example: In The Lion King, we see an external/man vs. man conflict between Simba and Scar and an internal/man vs. self conflict in Simba when he can’t decide if he should go back home

13. Denotation/Connotation Denotation: the literal meaning of a word Example: Wall Street- a place in lower Manhattan Connotation: a meaning implied by a word (not what the word means) Example: Wall street is a place in lower Manhattan but its CONNOTATIVELY is refers to wealth and power.

14. Irony The opposite of what is said or expected is meant or happens Verbal Irony: contrast what is said with what is meant (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0-sRzqRCic) Dramatic Irony: when the audience understand something that is said or done and the characters do not (the audience knows that Scar was responsible for killing Mufasa, but Simba does not) Situational Irony: when ones actions or intentions lead to the opposite of of the outcome the desired (a fire station burns down)

15. Point of View The angle/lens through which a story is told 1 st person: usually told by main character, uses words like “I” or “My” or “We” 2 nd person: when the reader is directly addressed “you” 3 rd person: told from an outside POV Omniscient: when the narrator relates not only the actions of the characters but also their thoughts and feelings How would The Lion King have changed if the whole story was told from Scar’s point of view?

16. Symbolism When something concrete is used to represent something abstract Example: The stars in The Lion King are used by Mufasa to symbolize the dead. It helps him to teach Simba that the dead never leave us.

17. Tone The attitude of the writer conveyed to the read. If the author was reading this out loud to you, what attitude would his voice convey?