1. Chapter 5.1 A Healthy Pregnancy

2. Health During Pregnancy Early Signs of Pregnancy A missed menstrual period (often first indicator) A full feeling or mild ache in the lower abdomen Tiredness or faintness A frequent, urgent need to urinate Swollen breasts, causing discomfort or tenderness Nausea or vomiting, particularly in the morning Though these symptoms are common, does not mean that a woman is pregnant. Should take a pregnancy test Visit a Doctor Early detection is important!

3. Medical Care Obstetrician: is a doctor who specializes in pregnancy and childbirth. Regular check-ups during pregnancy Should like, feel comfortable with and trust. The First Exam (pg. 130) Blood pressure Medical history Pelvic measurement Urine analysis Blood Test- Anemia Anemia is a condition that results from not having enough red blood cells. Immunity to rubella

4. Periodic Checkups Check-ups Once a month until the 6 th or 7 th month After that- Twice a month Monitor baby’s development Check mother’s health 24 th and 28 th week woman take a glucose test Check for gestational diabetes Form of diabetes that occur only during pregnancy If left untreated; can cause baby to be heavier than normal at birth Controlled by a special diet; usually disappear after birth Preeclampsia Is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and the presence of protein in the mothers urine. Can prevent baby from getting enough blood Which provide oxygen and food

5. Discomforts of Pregnancy Nausea or Vomiting Commonly called morning sickness, it can occur at anytime during the day. Rarely lasts past the 4 th fourth month Sleepiness Hormonal changes during the beginning; begin to feel more energetic later on Heartburn Burning feeling in the upper chest Shortness of Breath Pressure on the lungs from the baby Varicose Veins Swollen veins, or blood vessels, that are close to the skin’s surface. Muscle Cramps in the Legs Stretching, rest and diet rich in calcium may help alleviate. Lower Back Pain Wearing low-heeled shoes and learning to lift properly

6. Possible Serious Complications A few woman experience more serious problems during pregnancy, and should consult a doctor Vaginal Bleeding Unusual weight gain, or loss Excessive thirst Pain during urination Severe abdominal pain Fever Increases vaginal mucus Swelling of the face, hands, or ankles Blurred vision or dizziness Prolonged backache

7. Physical Changes Common length of pregnancy is about 40 weeks, or 9 months Page 134 in text list of physical changes by month

8. Weight Gain Women typically gain between 24 and 30 pounds during a healthy pregnancy.

9. Emotional Health Important to communicate with your partner about feelings and emotions. Depression Feel overwhelmed Stress Moody, annoyed, scared Find ways to reduce stress or to relieve stress Avoid sugar foods and caffeine Exercise Relaxation techniques Talk about concerns Parenting classes

10. Nutrition During Pregnancy Expectant mothers need a variety of nutrients to keep themselves and their developing babies healthy. Grains Carbohydrates- Energy Vegetables Heart healthy Rich in potassium and dietary fiber, folic acid, and vitamins A, C, and E. Fruits Help control body weight, healthy heart, and blood vessels Milk Calcium, Potassium, Vitamin D, and Protein Healthy bones and teeth Meat and Beans Protein Oils

11. Vitamins Variety of vitamins and minerals are vital to both the fetus and the mother. Vitamins Help maintain a healthy pregnancy. Vitamin A ensures proper eye development Vitamin B general fetal development Vitamin C –healthy teeth and gums, skin, bones, and organs Vitamin D creation of hones and teeth Folic Acid spinal cord development

12. Minerals Pregnant women need iron A mineral that prevents anemia and assists in developing the baby’s own blood supply Extra iron is stored in the baby’s liver and is used in the months right after birth Calcium and Phosphorus Work together to produce strong bones and teeth

13. Food Quantities All pregnant women should eat a wide-variety of healthy foods. Exact quantities on the mother’s Age, weight, and activity level as well as the stage of pregnancy MyPyramid for Mom’s Provides a specific plan based on these factors

14. Nutrition and Pregnant Teens Teen’s bodies have special nutritional needs because they too are still developing. Need to be careful to eat nutritious meals and snacks Essential for teens to get enough calcium and iron. Bones, and blood supply Should discuss their nutritional needs with their doctor

15. Special Diets Sensitivities to Milk Rich source of calcium, protein, and other key nutrients. Need to eat larger amounts of other calcium-rich foods Broccoli, tofu, and dark green leafy vegetables Lactose Intolerant Fortified soy milk can provide nutrients Lactase: an enzyme that helps digest lactose Eating foods with lactase (yogurt) helps some people digest milk.

16. Vegetarians Vegetarians do not eat meat; which is high in protein. Vegans: do not eat any animal products including eggs or milk Should discuss their eating patterns with a doctor to plan a diet rich in vitamins and minerals during pregnancy.