1. Chapter 1, Section 4 The 13 English Colonies p. 25-29
England founds 13 diverse colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America

2. Section Focus Question
How did the 13 colonies develop economies based on agriculture, commerce, and handmade goods?

3. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Main Idea: New England had land that was difficult to farm, but it became a center of shipbuilding and trade.
Founded for religious freedom
Some split off due to religious differences
Harsh environment: limited farming.
subsistence farming - grow only what family needs to live on
Fishing & shipbuilding primary markets
Whaling too

4. The Middle Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
Main Idea: Farming & manufacturing are major activities in the Middle Colonies.
Founded by other European powers: Holland, Sweden, Germany
Taken over by England after the 1st Anglo-Dutch War in 1664.
New Netherland becomes New York
Pennsylvania founded and owned by William Penn
Pennsylvania actively encourages skilled workers & craftsmen
Industry and manufacturing thrives.
Iron products, shoes, candles, fabrics, glassware, etc.
Soil very good for cash crops - grown to be sold

5. The Southern Colonies Most colonies founded for profit
Virginia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Main Idea: The Southern Colonies developed a plantation economy that depended on slavery.
Most colonies founded for profit
Georgia founded as a debtors prison
people sent to prison because they can’t pay back their loans
Primarily agricultural colonies
Cash crops: tobacco & cotton
Labor intensive crops require slave labor
Slaves deprived of almost all human rights
Many northern colonists felt slavery was immoral and wanted to see it abolished.

6. Colonial Trade English colonies prosper. $$$
Main Idea: England passes laws that strictly control colonial trade.
English colonies prosper. $$$
English merchants pressure Parliament to restrict colonial trade….
Pass the Navigation Acts - require certain products (tobacco & cotton) be sent only to England
Good for England: creates jobs
Bad for colonies: stunts manufacturing a century
Can’t sell to other countries – colonies lose money
Triangular Trade

7. 13 Colonies Graph (p. 26)

9. Summary: New England- short growing season, rocky soil = $ from business, not farming Middle Colonies – mild climate, fertile soil, IRON, and skilled craftworkers Southern Colonies – rich farmland, huge plantations, cash crops, and slaves
p. 28

10. Section Focus Question
Q: How did the 13 colonies develop economies based on agriculture, commerce, and handmade goods?
A: The colonies made use of available resources to build their economies.

11. 13 Colonies Videos John Green’s “Crash Course”:
The Quakers, the Dutch, and the Ladies: Crash Course US History #4
The Natives and the English - Crash Course US History #3
The Seven Years War and the Great Awakening: Crash Course US History #5
Taxes & Smuggling - Prelude to Revolution: Crash Course US History #6
Also availble on Haiku