1. Chapter 25 The Industrial Revolution
Sections 1, 2, and 4

2. Section 1 The Beginnings of Industrialization

3. Defined
The Industrial Revolution refers to the drastic increase in output production that began in England in the mid 1700s
Used machines (prior to the revolution, all materials were woven by hand)
From England, the revolution spread quickly to Continental Europe and North America

4. Agricultural Revolution Leads
Around 1700, wealthy landowners began to buy up more and more land
This did 2 things:
Allowed them to experiment with new methods
Forced small farmers to move to the cities
Large landholders used enclosures (large fenced in fields) to begin experimenting with new methods

5. Crop Rotation
Of all the agricultural developments, crop rotation proved most advantageous
Instead of using the three-field system, farmers could plant the entire field
By changing the crops being produced each season, the could avoid placing too much of a burden on the soil
Livestock farmers also increased production by selectively breeding the largest animals

6. Why England? Had extensive natural resources Extensive banking system
Water power and coal
Iron ore
Rivers
Harbors for traders
Extensive banking system
People could get loans
Climate of progress
Simply put, Britain had all the factors of production (land, labor, and capital (money))

7. Inventions Make Things Easier
Textile (clothing) industry will be one of the first to change
Weaving shuttle led to
Spinning jenny (8 threads at a time)
Using water power, they took the need of manual labor out of the process
New inventions led to more rapid production of goods
The cotton gin allowed America to go from 1.5 million pounds to 85 million pounds in just 20 years
The size of new inventions led to the need of factories (large building where merchants could set up productive machines)

8. Changes to Transportation
Watts, thanks to an entrepreneur (person who takes the risks of running a business) named Boulton, created the first steam engine
Steam powered ships allowed faster/cheaper movement of goods
Railroads were next to add steam engines
Gave manufacturers a cheap was to transport goods
Created thousands of new jobs (iron and coal miners)
Connected people from country to the city and vice versa

9. And Now… Finish Chapter 25 Crossword Industrial Revolution Project
Due tomorrow at the beginning of class
Industrial Revolution Project
Look over the options for the project. Select three of the options that you will complete by next Wednesday.
Begin working on your project.

10. Warm-up #1 (25.1) TURN IN CHAPTER 25 CROSSWORD
World History - Chapter 24
Warm-up #1 (25.1) TURN IN CHAPTER 25 CROSSWORD
What term describes the period of increased output of machine-made goods in the 18th Century?
What “revolution” led to small farmers moving to cities, enclosures becoming standard for large landholders, and new methods of farming?
What are the three factors of production for the Industrial Revolution?
In which nation did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Industrial Revolution
Agricultural
Land, Labor, and Capital
Britain

11. Section 2 Industrialization

12. Mixed Results
While the Industrial Revolution improved the quality of life for most, it also led to some suffering
Unhealthy working conditions
Air/water pollution
Child labor
Class tensions

13. Rise in Cities
Factory (building where most production took place) work became more profitable than farming by the mid 1800s
Industrialization and the factories that resulted led to urbanization
the growth of cities and the movement of people to the cities
The need for sources of energy (water and coal) led to growth in certain areas
London became twice as populated as the second most populous city in Europe (Paris)

14. Living/Working Conditions
The surprising speed of city growth did not allow for planning
Government size, sanitary codes, building codes
Not enough housing, schools, police
Living conditions in crowded cities brought the life expectancy down to 17 (compared to 38)
Average workday was 14 hours per day/6 days a week for the entire year
Women and children made the cheapest labor source

15. Class Tensions New wealth created a new class
The middle class referred to the new wealth of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and the large scale farmers
The middle class sometimes grew more wealthy than the nobles
Social distinctions still separated them (upper class looked down on the middle class workers)
The working (lower) class saw little improvement in their lives
Some would begin riots against the factories

16. Positive Effects Jobs created Wealth of nations greatly increased
Technological progress/invention
Production of goods increased which resulted in a higher standard of living for most
Healthier diets, better homes, cheaper/better clothing
Education improved

17. And Now… Industrial Revolution Project Chapter 25 Quiz tomorrow
Continue working on your project
New due date: Monday, March 9
Chapter 25 Quiz tomorrow

18. World History - Chapter 24
Warm-up #4
What caused urbanization to occur throughout Europe in the 1800s?
What was the relationship between the new middle class and the landowners/aristocrats following industrialization?
What problem(s) resulted from urbanization?
How did living conditions change following industrialization?
Industrialization
The “old money” looked down on the wealthy middle class
Not enough housing
Living conditions worsened

19. Section 4 Reforming the Industrial World

20. Industrial Philosophies: Capitalism
Founder: Adam Smith
The Wealth of Nations
Self-interest
Competition
Supply and demand
Key Elements
Laissez-faire approach by government – “let do” – free market vs government intervention
All means of production should be owned privately

21. Communism Founder: Karl Marx Key Elements The Communist Manifesto
Class warfare (haves vs have- nots)
Wealth was built on the backs of the poor
Key Elements
Everything is controlled by the government (communism)
Eventually the government would fade away and people would just work together

22. Socialism
Introduced utilitarianism – people should act on only what is useful to society
Government should enact policies that would help the greatest good for the greatest number of people
Attempted to create a more, but still not equal, economic balance of nations
People who wanted to reign in the uncontrolled company growth of industrialization supported socialism
The factors of production were owned by the government

23. Unions
To give them more political power, workers voluntarily came together in an association (union) in the 1800s
The union spoke on behalf of ALL workers in a particular industry
Benefits of Unions
Collective bargaining
Union Strike
The more skilled the industry, the more power they had (carpentry vs. custodial)
Some countries attempted to ban unionization but were unsuccessful
In the US in 1886, the unions joined together to form the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Gibson - WH - Unit 6 - Ch. 25

24. Industrial Reforms Emerge
Initially only the worst offenses were dealt with
Limited child labor (1833)
Unsafe factories/mines (1842)
Women (1847)
Banned child labor (1904)
Most reforms occurred in the US and Britain

25. Reform Spreads
Industrial reforms led to changes in other aspects of culture
Slavery
Britain banned it in 1833
US did not until 1865
Brazil was last – 1888
Women’s Rights
While women could work now, they earned 1/3 of what men did
Public Education
Prisons

26. DUE TOMORROW And Now… Study/Take the Chapter 25 Quiz
Chapter 27 Vocab Crossword
DUE TOMORROW
Industrial Revolution Project
Continue working on your project
New due date: Monday, March 9