1. The Civil War

3. Bell Ringer What was the Confederate strategy and what was the Union strategy for winning the Civil War? How does new technology impact the war?

4. IroncladsIronclads Minie BallMinie Ball Gatling GunGatling Gun More soldiers died of diseases, like dysentery rather than bulletsMore soldiers died of diseases, like dysentery rather than bullets New Technologies + old strategies = More DEATHs (620,000 Americans Died)

5. Union Strategies in the West Ulysses S. Grant –Commander of Union in the West Victories West would give Grant passage into the South and control of the Mississippi

6. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7 1862 Grant vs. Albert Sydney JohnstonGrant vs. Albert Sydney Johnston Pittsburgh Landing, Tenn.Pittsburgh Landing, Tenn. Worst fighting of the war yetWorst fighting of the war yet Union: 13,000 dead/wounded (1/4 of those who fought)Union: 13,000 dead/wounded (1/4 of those who fought) Confederacy: 11,000 out of 41,000Confederacy: 11,000 out of 41,000

7. Fall of New Orleans April 25, 1862April 25, 1862 Union fleet captured N.O.Union fleet captured N.O. –The South’s largest city All but 150 miles of the Miss. River belonged to the UnionAll but 150 miles of the Miss. River belonged to the Union Vicksburg only remaining strongholdVicksburg only remaining stronghold

9. The Union used the following as a strategy to keep Southerners from fighting, the Law stated;The Union used the following as a strategy to keep Southerners from fighting, the Law stated; Any U.S. citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. Government could file an application and lay claim to 160 acres Government land. For the next 5 years, the homesteader had to live on the land and improve it by building dwelling and growing crops. After 5 years, the homesteader could file for their deed by submitting proof of residency and the required improvements to a local land office. HOMESTEAD ACT of 1862

10. Lee Claims Victories in the East 1st Battle of Bull Run1st Battle of Bull Run 7 Days Battles: June 25 – July 1, 18627 Days Battles: June 25 – July 1, 1862 Lee stopped McClellan from invading RichmondLee stopped McClellan from invading Richmond Aug. 1862: 2 nd Battle of Bull RunAug. 1862: 2 nd Battle of Bull Run Union withdrew to D.C.Union withdrew to D.C.

12. Reasons Why: Reasons Why: 1- A Confederate victory in the North would make Lincoln seek peace. 2- Allow Virginia Farmers to harvest 3- Plundering of the North’s food supplies 4- Get Europeans believing the South could win Lee Invades the North: Why?

13. Lead up to Antietam Lincoln needs a victory. A victory in Maryland for Lee could inspire a pro-Confederate uprising. NEUTRAL BORDER STATES LIKE; Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, & Missouri were key factors in the outcome of the war. Union soldiers find Lee’s battle plans. –They were wrapped around some cigars.

15. Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland Sept. 17, 1862Sept. 17, 1862 Lee vs. McClellanLee vs. McClellan McClellan had Lee’s battle plans & didn’t take advantageMcClellan had Lee’s battle plans & didn’t take advantage Bloodiest single day battle in all of U.S. historyBloodiest single day battle in all of U.S. history No ground gained by either sideNo ground gained by either side Est. 25,000 dead or woundedEst. 25,000 dead or wounded

16. About this many Americans died at Antietam.

21. Battle of Antietam Cont. Lee retreated to VirginiaLee retreated to Virginia McClellan didn’t followMcClellan didn’t follow –By being cautious, he blew a chance to finish Lee off Lincoln fired him in Nov. 1862Lincoln fired him in Nov. 1862

22. Bell Ringer What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Why was it important?

23. Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in areas of open rebellionFreed all slaves in areas of open rebellion Was justified by the Constitution as an implied power,“military action”Was justified by the Constitution as an implied power,“military action” War now had 2 purposes: Preserve the Union, Liberation of SlaveryWar now had 2 purposes: Preserve the Union, Liberation of Slavery

24. Against Didn’t free any slavesDidn’t free any slaves –Rebellious states didn’t recognize Lincoln’s authority –Slaves in loyal states were not freed Republicans: thought it didn’t go far enoughRepublicans: thought it didn’t go far enough Democrats: thought it was too extremeDemocrats: thought it was too extremeFor Statement against slaveryStatement against slavery Frederick DouglasFrederick Douglas British were splitBritish were split Redefined the warRedefined the war –It was now about slavery African Americans eager to join the UnionAfrican Americans eager to join the Union Split Opinions over Proclamation

25. African American Soldiers The Emancipation would allow African Americans to enlistThe Emancipation would allow African Americans to enlist Not Equal as soldiers- Given worse jobs than whites, lower paidNot Equal as soldiers- Given worse jobs than whites, lower paid 54 th Mass.54 th Mass. –Lead by Col. Robert Shaw –Achieved fame at Fort Wagner Killed if capturedKilled if captured

26. Bell Ringer What impact do you think the 54 th Massachusetts has on the Civil War? Explain.

27. Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863 Last Rebel stronghold on the Mississippi River Grant besieged the city for 10 months City surrendered on July 4 IMPORTANCE IMPORTANCE 1.Union controlled the Miss. R. 2.South split in 2 Gettysburg & Vicksburg = turning point in favor of Union