1. Differences in North and South
Slavery
Food crops v. cash crops
Industrialism
Population size
Reliance on Cotton

2. Why did California and Wilmot Proviso increase tension?
California – Huge free state, upsets balance.
Wilmot Proviso – Proposal to make all of Mexican Cession non-slave
Both increase tension because they make southerners feel threatened.

3. Where did Compromise of 1850 come from? What were terms?
Came about – Because they needed to decide what to do with Mexican Cession.
Terms:
California = Free State
Fugitive Slave Law
Popular Sovereignty in rest of Mex. Cession

4. How was Comp of 1850 adopted.
Piece by piece instead of all at once.

5. What was Fugitive Slave Law and its effects?
Runaway slaves can be / will be hunted down in any state.
People in northern states are legally obligated to assist slave catchers.
Effects – More tension, resistance, Personal Liberty Laws

6. What was Underground Railroad and its effects?
Network of people who helped runaway slaves to escape.
Impact – Not a significant number of slaves escaped.
Symbolic impact – Increased tension.
Harriet Tubman – Most famous example.

7. Significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe?
Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Massive bestseller.
Increased tension.
Important because it increased Northern awareness of how bad slavery really was.

8. What were causes and results of Kansas Nebraska Act?
Kansas ready for statehood.
Desire to spread slavery to Kansas.
Growth of Popular Sovereignty after 1850
Results
Popular Sovereignty in K / N
Lecompton Constitution
John Brown / Bleeding Kansas
Preston Brooks / Bleeding Sumner
Growth of Republican Party

9. What caused split / demise of Whigs?
Regional disagreements over slavery.

10. What was Know Nothing party and Nativism?
Nativism = Anti immigration beliefs.
Know Nothing Party = Political party that believed in Nativism

11. Main ideas of Free Soil party?
Don’t allow spread of slavery.

12. How was Republican party formed and what were its main ideas?
Formed after demise of Whigs.
Other new parties aren’t big enough.
Believe that slavery should not spread to territories.

13. Significance of Buchanan’s win in 1856 election.
Worst President in US history elected.

14. Significance of Dred Scott Decision
Overturns previous compromises about slavery.
Declares government cannot prohibit slavery in territories.
Eliminates citizenship for free African Americans.

15. Significance of Lecompton Constitution.
Pro-slavery state constitution for Kansas.
Evidence of how much tension existed over issue of slavery in Kansas.

16. Causes / Positions / Results of Lincoln Douglas Debates.
1858 Senate election in Illinois
Lincoln v. S. Douglas
Lincoln – Attacks slavery, says not to allow spread of slavery. (House Divided)
Douglas – Has contradictions in his position on slavery. (Freeport Doctrine)
Lincoln wins debates.
Douglas wins election.

17. What happened at Harper’s Ferry? Why did it increase tension?
J. Brown attacked Federal arsenal.
Tried to start massive slave revolt.
Caught, convicted, hanged.
Praised by some in North.
Hated by all in South.
Makes Southerners think Northerners are out to get them.

18. How did Slavery impact election of 1860?
Republican position = don’t allow spread of slavery.
Democrats are split over issue of slavery.
Because Democrats are split, Republicans win.

19. What were causes / results of creation of Confederacy?
Election of Lincoln  Secession of Southern States  Formation of Confederacy
Result
Main cause of Civil War.

20. Causes and results of attack on Fort Sumter?
Formation of Confederacy
Union forts in Southern territory
Lincoln’s decision to re-supply the fort
Result
Started the Civil War

21. Advantages of each side
North – More people, more money, more supplies, established government.
South – Better generals, defensive war, highly motivated soldiers. (Support of England)

22. Strategies for each side
North – Anaconda Plan
Surround the south / Blockade
Take control of Mississippi R. / Cut in half
Attack Richmond
South –
Inflict losses on the North until they give up the fight
Get help from England (Cotton Diplomacy)

23. Significance of Bull Run?
First major fighting / bloodshed of the war.
Shows how bad things will be.

24. Importance of Shiloh Shows how bad Civil War will be.
Bloodiest day ever, to that point.
Elevates status of US Grant.

25. New Weapons / Tech
Better rifles = More likely to hit what you aim at = More people get shot.
Railroads = Easier to get reinforcements = More people at battles = More people get killed.
Ironclad ships – Change naval warfare forever.

26. McClellan v. Lee McClellan (NORTH) = Overly cautious, unsuccessful.
Lee (SOUTH) = Daring, creative, successful for most of the war.

27. Significance of Antietam
1st invasion of the North by Lee.
1st major victory against Lee.
Missed opportunity by McClellan.
Springboard for Emancipation Proclamation.

28. Why did Britain stay neutral?
British were generally anti-slavery.
British found other sources of cotton.

29. What was Lincoln’s view on slavery?
Personally – Disliked it.
Politically – Willing to put up with it if it would help to win the war.
Strategically – Realized that the Emancipation Proclamation could help win the war.

30. What was the Emancipation Proclamation and its significance?
What was it?
Lincoln’s declaration ending slavery in Confederacy
Significance
Hurt the south / took away workforce.
Makes south more desperate.
Kept England out of war.
Changed the nature / tone of the war.

31. How did Lincoln deal with dissent?
Harshly
Suspended Constitutional protections.
Habeus Corpus
1st Amendment

32. How did both sides use Conscription?
Conscription = Draft
Both sides used it (Confederacy 1st)
Very unpopular
Unfairly administered.

33. Causes of NYC Draft Riots?
Backlash against conscription
Attacks against African Americans and the wealthy.

34. What led to Gettysburg? Loss of Jackson
Lee’s 2nd invasion of the North
Shoes / Supplies

35. Gettysburg 3 Days
Day 1 –
Small parts of Southern / Northern armies encounter each other at Gettysburg
Lead elements fight.
Both sides get reinforcements
Day 2
South (Lee) attacks flank.
North (Chamberlain) successfully defends Little Round Top
Day 3
Lee attacks center at Cemetery Ridge.
Called Pickett’s Charge. Huge disaster.

36. Why is Gettysburg a turning point?
2nd time Lee invaded North, 2nd time he was defeated.
Lee’s losses are so bad that his army never recovers.
Can no longer attack, only defend.
Becomes obvious that Northern numerical superiority will be the factor that wins the war.

37. What were causes / results of Vicksburg?
City of Vicksburg controlled traffic on Mississippi R.
North attacks Vicksburg as logical part of Anaconda Plan.
City put under siege, eventually captured by Grant.
After Vicksburg, North controls Mississippi, splits Confederacy in half.

38. Significance of Gettysburg address?
Most famous speech in US history.
Unifies country.

39. How did defeats at Gettysburg and Vicksburg affect the South?
Lee’s army smashed.
Makes it obvious that numerical superiority will be the difference.
Vicksburg –
Grant does the impossible.
Divides South in half.

40. How did Confederate morale weaken as the war progressed?
Expected a short war.
Huge casualties.
Lack of supplies.
Conflicts within Confederate government.

41. How did Grant / Sherman change the war?
Less cautious than earlier generals.
Exploit numerical advantage.
Total War.
War against civilian targets, not just military.
Sherman’s March to the Sea.

42. The election of 1864 Lincoln re-elected.
First President to ever face an election during wartime.
Andrew Johnson (D) becomes Vice President.
Will become a big problem after Lincoln dies.

43. How did Civil War end?
Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
Confederate army granted generous terms.

44. Political changes b/c of Civil War
13th Amendment ends slavery.
Federal government becomes more powerful.

45. How did Civil War impact economy?
Paper money (Greenbacks)
Northern Econ booms.
Rise of big businesses.
Southern Econ destroyed.
Sharecropping system replaced slavery.

46. Costs of war. 600,000+ died. 1 of 30 Americans was wounded or died.
Mostly from disease.
More than all other US wars combined.
Financial cost was so high, it would have been cheaper for the federal government to buy all 4 million slaves in 1860.

47. Significance of 13th Amendment
Final end to slavery.

48. What did Americans do after war?
Many went west.
Ex Slaves often became sharecroppers.

49. How was Lincoln assassinated.
John Wilkes Booth
Ford’s Theater
Leads to Andrew Johnson becoming President.
Would Lincoln be as important today if he had NOT been assassinated?