1. Judaism

2. Website

3. 1. Judaism differs from nearby people
Hebrews were monotheistic
Yahweh: creator and ruler of the universe
Ethnic group or religion
Movements (Sects): Reform, Conservative, and Orthodox
As of 2010, there were nearly 13.5 million Jews worldwide

4. 2. Father of the Jewish people?
Abraham: 1900 BC
God made a covenant (agreement) with him to keep God’s laws

5. 3. What are Jewish laws called? Purpose of the laws?
Ten Commandments
Standard of conduct: religious and ethical laws
Guides people’s relationship with God and other people

6. 4. What land was promised to the Jews?
Palestine
Ancient Canaan
Parts in present day Israel

7. 5. Remaining wall of the Temple? Why is it important?
Western Wall or Wailing wall
Remaining wall of King Solomon's temple
Destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D.
Place of pilgrimage - Jerusalem

8. Temple Mount

9. 6. What is Jewish Diaspora?
Scattering of the Jews throughout the world
Spread of culture and religion

10. Diaspora
By the 1st century B.C., the Jews living in Israel came under the control of Rome. Region was known as Judaea
In 70 A.D., the Jews revolted against Roman rule. The Temple was destroyed again, and the Jews were again forced into exile
As further punishment, the Romans renamed the area Palestine

11. 7. What is Torah? Why is it important?
Hebrew bible
Early history, moral and religious laws
Sacred text
Old Testament: first five books of the bible

12. 8. Define prophet. Who is the most important prophet
Person who speaks or acts on behalf of God/religious teacher
Moses

13. 9. Identify & describe the basic beliefs and traditions of Judaism
One god
Live according to God’s laws
Study the Torah
Ethical world view
Dietary laws
Sabbath – day of rest – Saturday
Movements: Orthodox, Conservative, Reform

14. 10. What are the Jewish beliefs of the Messiah? Has the Messiah arrived?
Messiah: savior; one anointed by God No

15. As of 2010, there were 2.18 billion Christians in the world
Christianity
As of 2010, there were 2.18 billion Christians in the world

16. 1. Out of what religion did Christianity grow?
Judaism
Became a separate identity
Most followed faith in the world
Many Denominations (Sects):
Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant

17. 2. Christian beliefs about Jesus compared to other religions?
Jesus is considered to be the Messiah and son of God
Jesus was sent to reconcile/rebuild the relationship between humanity and God

18. 3. How is the Bible divided? Name the parts.
Old and New Testament
Before Jesus and after Jesus
Old Testament-Torah
New Testament- Gospels

19. 4. What is the purpose of the Apostles’ Creed?
Statement of Christian’s beliefs
Creed: any set of beliefs or principles

20. 5. What is the importance of the resurrection and ascension of Jesus?
Basis for Christian beliefs about Jesus

21. 6. Why were the Christians persecuted?
Did not show respect for Roman Gods
Persecution ended with Roman Emperor Constantine’s conversion to Christianity (313 A.D.)
Martyrs

22. Conversion of the Empire
In A.D. 312, the Roman Emperor Constantine I supposedly saw a vision in a dream the night before a very important battle
In his vision, he saw a symbol of Jesus Christ, and was told that if he and his soldiers painted this symbol on their shields, they would be victorious the next day in battle

23. Conversion of the Empire
The next day, Constantine’s forces were victorious.

24. Conversion of the Empire
The Emperor Constantine then began to promote the spread of Christianity throughout the Empire
In A.D. 325, he convened a council of bishops at Nicaea, in modern day Turkey, to come to an agreement about Church doctrine
They came up with a formal expression of Christian faith, known as The Apostle’s Creed
Christianity would become the official religion of the Roman and then Byzantine Empires

25. 7. Why did Christianity appeal to people
7. Why did Christianity appeal to people? Reasons for the spread of Christianity.
Offered hope for all people
Salvation and eternal life
Salvation for good choices-moral choices
All believers were equal under the eyes of God

26. 8. Identify the Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church.
Roman Empire was divided (eastern half Byzantine Empire) 1054
Byzantine emperor refused to recognize the pope as head of Christian Church
Christian church split into two parts:
Roman Catholic Church: Rome
Greek (Eastern) Orthodox Church: Constantinople

27. Comparison of Statistics and Basics
Judaism
Christianity
adherents called
Jews
Christians
current adherents
14 million
2 billion
current size rank
12th largest
largest
major concentration
Israel, Europe, USA
Europe, North and South America, rapid growth in Africa
sacred text
Bible/Torah
Bible (Jewish Bible + New Testament)
other written authority
Talmud, Midrash, Responsa
church fathers, church councils, papal decrees (Catholic only)
clergy
rabbis
priests, ministers, pastors, bishops
house of worship
synagogue
church, chapel, cathedral
main day of worship
Saturday
Sunday

28. Comparison of Origins and History
Judaism
Christianity
date founded
unknown
c. 33 CE
place founded
Palestine (def)
Palestine
founder
Moses or Abraham
Jesus
original language(s)
Hebrew
Aramaic, Greek
early expansion
little expansion; mostly confined to Palestine
within 60 years, churches in major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome (map); entire Roman Empire by end of 4th cent.
major splits
Reform/Orthodox, 1800s CE
Catholic/Orthodox, 1054 CE; Catholic/Protestant, 1500s CE

29. Comparison of Religious Beliefs
Judaism
Christianity
type of theism
strict monotheism
Trinitarian monotheism
ultimate reality
one God
names of God
Yahweh, Elohim
Yahweh, the Holy Trinity
other spiritual beings
angels and demons
identity of Jesus
not prophet
Son of God, God incarnate, savior of the world
death of Jesus
death by crucifixion
resurrection of Jesus
Not part of beliefs
affirmed
divine revelation
through Prophets, recorded in Bible
through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself), recorded in Bible
means of salvation
belief in God, good deeds
correct belief, faith, good deeds, sacraments (some Protestants emphasize faith alone)
afterlife
views vary: some heaven
eternal heaven

30. Similarities of Judaism & Christianity
All religions:
A way to rejoice and give thanks
moral code
Give to needy
Golden rule: “do unto others”
Supreme power
C and J:
Monotheism
Old Testament
Prophets
Ten Commandments
Idea Heaven
Belief in the idea of a Messiah
Jerusalem Holy
Coming of Age ceremonies
Several Denominations/movements
Sacred text
Sabbath (Sat/Sun)