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IMMIGRATION AND URBANIZATION. Immigration in America  Immigrants come to America to find a better life  Immigration also increased the Industrial Boom!

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Presentation on theme: "IMMIGRATION AND URBANIZATION. Immigration in America  Immigrants come to America to find a better life  Immigration also increased the Industrial Boom!"— Presentation transcript:

1 IMMIGRATION AND URBANIZATION

2 Immigration in America  Immigrants come to America to find a better life  Immigration also increased the Industrial Boom!  Majority came from Britain, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Russia, China, and Japan  From 1866-1915 25 million immigrants came over

3 Immigration in America  Most arrive in steamships  Often travel in cargo holds  1 week across the Atlantic and a 3-week journey across the Pacific  “Oh God, I was sick. Everybody was sick. I don’t even want to remember anything about that old boat. One night I prayed to God that it would go down because the waves were washing over it. I was that sick, I didn’t care if it went down or not.” - Bertha Devlin, an Irish immigrant 1923

4 Conditions on the steamships were very poor and overcrowded. They were not allowed on deck, slept in louse-infested bunks, shared toilets, and in such conditions disease spread quickly. Some even died before they reached America. Immigrants traveling to the United States

5 Ellis Island  Main immigration station on the East Coast  Nearly 11,000 people entered the US at Ellis Island each day  Immigrants had to pass several tests before they were allowed to stay in America  Physical exam (5 hours), government inspections, literacy tests, ability to work, money to get started, etc.

6 Quotes from Immigrants coming through Ellis Island  http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigrat ion/tour/stop5.htm (separation) http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigrat ion/tour/stop5.htm  http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigrat ion/tour/stop9.htm ($20) http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/immigrat ion/tour/stop9.htm

7 Liberty Enlightening the World  The Statue of Liberty greeted those entering Ellis Island.  Designed by Frederick Bartholdi, the skeletal framework within the monument was made by Alexandre Eiffle  His mother is believed to be the model  A gift from France to symbolize our alliance during the American Revolution. The people of France financed the statue itself while Americans financed the pedestal and island.

8 The Statue of Liberty  The Statue of Liberty was unveiled October 28 th, 1886  “Lady Liberty” portrays a woman escaping the chains of tyranny  Torch – liberty  Tablet – The date of our independence is inscribed  7 Spikes on her crown – 7 seas and continents Project cost $87 million and took 2 years to complete http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/i mmigration/tour/stop2.htm

9 Angel Island  Main immigration station on the West Coast  Immigrants were treated more harshly here because of their Asian descent  Difficult questioning  Filthy buildings  Confined liked prisoners until their fate was decided

10 Anti-Asian Sentiment  Native-born workers in the West feared their jobs would go to the Chinese, who would accept lower wages.  1882 Chinese Exclusion Act  Banned entry to all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, tourists, and government officials  In 1902 Chinese immigration was restricted indefinitely

11 Anti-Asian Sentiment  San Francisco segregated Japanese in school.  Gentlemen’s Agreement – Japan would limit emigration of unskilled workers to America, if San Francisco repeals its segregation order.

12 Culture Shock  Confusion and anxiety caused by a new culture and language  Immigrants from places like Russia, Italy, China, and Japan were generally not well liked. Why?  Previous country had yet to experience Industrial Revolution  Ethnic communities formed to help immigrants cope (like little Italy)  Speak native language  Learn new customs together

13 Melting Pot  The US becomes known as a melting pot  Immigrant groups assimilate into the dominant culture  Some argue that we are now a salad bowl instead of a melting pot.  Why do you think that is?

14 Urbanization = rapid growth of cities Many move to the cities because of more opportunities and cheaper living Urbanization

15  6 major problems associated with urbanization:  Housing – Overcrowded, unsanitary, 2-3 families living in a single home  Transportation – Develop public transportation to help; cable cars, subways

16 Urbanization  Water – Begin chlorinating water in 1893 to make it safer to drink  Sanitation – Animal and human waste, pollution, garbage piled in streets. Create sanitation departments and sewage lines.  Fire – Limited water supply and wood dwellings  Cincinnati creates the 1 st paid fire department in 1853  Crime – Pickpockets, thieves, con men, gangs  New York city creates the first police department in 1844

17 Sanitation Problems

18 Political Machines  Control enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of the city  Often led by one person “Boss” behind the scenes  Offer services to citizens and businesses in exchange for financial or political support  City jobs or contracts  Political Appointments  Help immigrants gain citizenship

19 Political Machines  Political Machines had control over political offices and city jobs  Fire, Police, Sanitation, Etc.  Bosses also took large amounts of “graft” or kickbacks  Falsified bills and accepted bribes

20 The Tweed Ring  Led by William Marcy Tweed  Controlled New York City (Tammany Hall)  Illegally took $200 million in graft  A Political cartoonist, Thomas Nast, helped expose Tweed  Resulted in Tweeds arrest

21 The Merit System  Reformers called for an end to the Spoils System  Giving government jobs to those who helped them win election  The Pendleton Act:  Required jobs in civil service to be based on qualifications, not political connections


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