1. How will the South be rebuilt?RECONSTRUCTION

2. Lincoln’s 10% Plan * When 10% of states’ population takes an oath of loyalty that Conf. state can re-enter the Union * Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth before plan takes effect

3. Johnson’s Presidency  no voting rights for high- ranking Confederate officials Civil Rights Act of 1866 1) Congress creates Freedman’s Bureau, helps former slaves  Southerners upset – blacks getting a “free ride” 2) Civil Rights Act of 1866 gives former slaves citizenship – forbids discriminatory laws  Johnson vetoes Act, Congress overrides veto  Johnson pardons (forgives) 13K Confederates

4. 14 th & 15 th Amendment  Republicans in Congress create 14 th Amendment  Prevented states from denying rights to any U.S. citizen, “all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.”  15 th Amendment states a person cannot be denied right to vote based on race

5. Johnson’s Impeachment  Many Southerners not giving blacks rights, Cong. passes 1867: Reconstruction Act (no Lincoln/Johnson plan)  South to be divided into 5 military zones Johnson vetoes bill  Congress overrides veto. Congress says he is abusing his power  Johnson impeached by House of Reps, found not guilty in the Senate – Johnson remains in office

6. 1868 Election Civil War hero, Ulysses S. Grant, wins 500,000 African Amer. vote Hiram Revels: 1 st African American Senator 16 of 125 Southerners elected to US Congress (during Reconstruction) were African American

7. Population of the “New South” 1. Rich former plantation owners 2. Scalawags: poor white Southerners who joined Repubs 3. Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved South after war 4. Freed Slaves Many freed slaves now “work” for former plantation owners as sharecroppers

8. End of Reconstruction Ku Klux Klan (KKK) uses scare tactics, kills 20K 1872: Freedmen’s Bureau funding ceases (ends) Black CodesSouthern Democrats gain more power, pass Black Codes 1876 Election: no candidate gets majority vote to win Compromise of 1877: Southern Democrats will vote for Repub. Rutherford Hayes if Hayes ends Reconstruction Hayes ends reconstruction, South begins passing Jim Crow Laws limiting African-Americans rights

9. Jim Crow Laws To prevent African-Americans from voting, poll taxes & literacy tests were used Jim Crow laws began separating blacks from whites and reducing the rights of blacks in the South Jim Crow examples: http://academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/jcrow02.htm