1. Chapter 2, Lesson 4 The End of Slavery
Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class

2. Essential Question
What were some of the challenges the country faced in the years following the Civil War?

3. Places
Washington, D.C.

4. People
Andrew Johnson
Hiram R. Revels
Blanche K. Bruce

5. Vocabulary Assassination Reconstruction Thirteenth Amendment
Black codes
Freedman’s Bureau
Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment

6. Vocabulary
Impeachment
Jim Crow laws
Segregation
sharecropping

7. A New President
After being shot, President Lincoln died the next morning April 15, 1865 in Washington, D.C.
He was assassinated by a southerner, John Wilkes Booth.
Vice President Andrew Johnson became the president.

8. A New President
President Johnson tried to carry out Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction.
One of the first steps was to end slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment, which took place on December 18, 1865.

9. A New President
Johnson made a plan for the southern states to return to the Union.
By the end of 1865, Johnson felt reconstruction was over.
His plan allowed Black Codes which denied African Americans many rights and freedoms.

10. A New President
Many in congress were unhappy with Johnson’s plan and they felt he went to easy on the south.
Congress developed their own plan of reconstruction.

11. Reconstruction Under Congress
Congress sent troops into the South to establish order and to enforce laws.
Southern states, in order to return to the Union, had to write new state constitutions giving African American men the right to vote.

12. Reconstruction Under Congress
The Freedman’s Bureau was established to help the 4 million former slaves.
They built hospitals and schools for blacks and hired both black and whites as teachers.
African Americans like Hiram R. Revels and Blanche K. Bruce were elected to Congress.

13. Reconstruction Under Congress
Southerners resented the new laws passed by Congress.
Many were angered by Northerners moving to the south opening businesses. They were called carpetbaggers because they often carried their belongings in rolled-up pieces of carpet.

14. Reconstruction Under Congress
Leaders also raised taxes to build roads and schools.
Many could not pay these high taxes and were forced to sell their homes and farms.
Southerners were also very upset at the rights that African Americans were gaining.

15. Reconstruction Under Congress
Some Southerners formed the Ku Klux Klan or KKK, to restore white control over African American lives.

16. New Amendments
Before being allowed back into the Union states had to pass the Fourteenth Amendment which gave citizenship to everyone born in this county and pass the Fifteenth Amendment which gave the right to vote to all men.

17. New Amendments
Sojourner Truth pointed out that women had as much right to vote as men but the amendment did not allow women that right.
President Johnson was against both the 14th and 15th amendments.
Congress tried to impeach Johnson for his actions.

18. Reconstruction Ends The Union was back together again!
Laws were passed giving rights to African Americans and Congress’ plan had been accomplished.
Reconstruction ended when the last Union troops left the South in 1877.

19. Reconstruction Ends
After reconstruction, white Southern Democrats took back control in the state governments.
They made laws which restricted rights given to African Americans.

20. Reconstruction Ends Jim Crow laws were passed.
These laws allowed for segregation or a separation of blacks and whites.
Many African Americans had no jobs and no one was willing to hire them. Needing a job many returned to the plantations looking for work.

21. Reconstruction Ends
Many became trapped in a system called sharecropping.
Sharecroppers rented land from the land owner and then repaid the rent when the crops were brought to market.
Typically, the rent was more than the crops value trapping these families into working to pay off their debt.

22. Timeline April 1865 – President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated.
December 1865 – The Thirteenth Amendment was adopted, abolishing slavery in the United States.
March 1867 – Congress passed the first Reconstruction Act, sending military forces to the former Confederate States.

23. Review Question
What were some of the challenges the country faced in the years following the Civil War?