1. 1. Scots Standard English is well established throughout Scotland in several areas  but in the Scottish variety of the standard In other areas forms are used which are rooted in the rural dialects of the Scottish Lowlands  SCOTS You can distinguish between four different kinds of Scots  Central Scots, Southern Scots, Northern Scots & Island Scots Today we‘re talking about Central Scots which also includes the area around Edinburgh

2. 2. Post-vocalic /r/ Scottish accents have preserved post-vocalic /r/  usually a tap but may also be a frictionless continuant RP does not have post-vocalic /r/ but ‘linking r‘ as in ‘car engine‘ and ‘intrusive r‘ as in ‘idea (r) of‘

3. Pronunciation of the Scottish /r/ alveolar trill  tip of the tongue taps rapidly against the alveolar ridge; series of vibrations alveolar tap  tip of the tongue taps once against the alveolar ridge; only one upward and downward movement frictionless continuant  the tip of the tongue slightly touches the back of the alveolar ridge while the body of the tongue is low in the mouth  approximant; typical for RP, gains popularity in the speech of educated Scots

4. Articulators involved 4: alveolar ridge (passive articulator) 9: tip of the tongue (active articulator) 15: vocal cords (are vibrating)