1. Reporting verbs for statements He said (to me ) + that He told me He answered He replied He complained He agreed He promised

2. Reporting verbs for questions  He asked IF/WHY/WHERE  He wanted to know  He wondered

3. Reporting verbs for orders  He ordered me to + inf verb  He told me to

4. Reporting verbs for requets, offers, advice,threats, invitations  He asked me to + inf verb  He offered  He advised  He threatened  He invited

5. Changes occuring in reporting clauses of statements and questions  Pronouns : –I > he/she; We> they; you> I, we  Possessives: –My> his, her; our> their,your>my, our  Time references: – today> that day ; in this moment> at that moment, yesterday> the day before; two days ago > two days before; tomorrow> the next day

6. Change of thense in reporting clauses of statements and questions DIRECT STATEMENT REPORTED STATEMENT am / is, are, have / has was/were, had present simple past simple present progressive past progressive past simple present perfect past perfect past progressive past perfect progressive can/may/must/will could/might/had to/would am/is/are going to was/were going to

7. Word order in the reported clause of statement  HE SAID THAT +Subject + auxiliary+ verb+ object+time reference  Eg. He said: “ At the moment I’m doing a grammar exercise”  He said that HE WAS DOING A GRAMMAR EXERCISE AT THAT MOMENT.

8. Word order in the reported clause of YES-NO QUESTIONS  HE ASKED IF/WHETHER + SUBJECT+ AUXILIARY+VERB+OBJECT+PREPOSITIO N+TIME REFERENCE  Eg: He asked: “ who are you going to talk to tomorrow?”  He asked me who I was going to talk to the nest day

9. Word order in the reported clause of order, invitations, advice, requests etc…  He asked me + to + verb  Can you help me?  He asked me to help him