1. Industrial Revolution 1800’s

2. Causes of the Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution Cottage Industry Advanced new technologies Factory System Great Britain had major factors of production (land, labor and capital)

3. Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement Mechanization Four field crop-rotation Selective breeding

4. Cottage Industry An industry where the creation of products and services is home-based, rather than factory-based. People then sold their products to larger industries. Allowed families to work together, at home.

5. Advanced New Technologies Water Wheels Steam Power Combustible engine Cotton Gin Seed Drill Spinning Jenny Advanced techniques in iron smelting – creates steel

6. Effects of the Factory System Before the Factory System Goods were produced in the home (cottage industry) Work required a wide range of skills Children did chores at home with family Families worked directly with merchants Few people were members of the middle class After the Factory System Goods were produced away from home in factories Work required a few easily learned skills Children were employed in large numbers in factories Workers dealt with managers and, sometimes, factory owners More people joined the middle class

7. Why did the Industrial Revolution start in Great Britain? Land, Labor and Capital = Factors of Production Exploration and colonialism (land) – Great Nature resources Coal deposits Population boom (labor) – Due to the Columbian exchange and earlier Agricultural Revolution Growth of private investment (capital) Political stability – Allows for the infrastructure of the country to grow- for example railroads to move goods

8. Effects of Industrialization on women From Cottage Industry to Factory Work – Earned low wages in low-skills jobs – Separated from their families – No real improvement in their status Other Working-class Women – Found jobs as cooks, maids, and child-care workers because more families could afford to hire them – Found some new educational and cultural opportunities in cities – Overall improvement for many women Middle-Class Women – Freed from chores because many could afford to hire help – Began to attend college and get jobs as teachers and nurses – Those who did not work often criticized by outside people who said that they should not work outside of the home – Most affected by idea of separate spheres

9. Effects of Industrialization on Children Children who worked in factories: – Worked upwards of 12-15 hours a day, in hot and unsafe conditions. – Did not attend school – could not read and write – Had very little family interaction – Paid less than adults – Suffered long term health side effects