1. Chapter 4 – The World’s People
Section Notes
Video
Culture
Population
Government and Economy
Global Connections
Impact of Culture
Maps
Close-up
World Population Density
Governments of the World
A Global Economy
World Almanac
Images
Population
Culture Traits
Cultural Diffusion of Baseball
World Population Growth
A Developed and a Developing Country
Quick Facts
Chapter 4 Visual Summary

2. Anything in green (GO on to the next point) you do not have to write.
Instructions
Anything written in yellow (SLOW down and pay attention) is useful information. You should write it in your notes IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Anything in red (STOP and pay close attention) is critical information and should be copied exactly.
Anything in green (GO on to the next point) you do not have to write.

3. Culture
The Big Idea
Culture, a group’s shared practices and beliefs, differs from group to group and changes over time.
Main Ideas
Culture is the set of beliefs, goals, and practices that a group of people share.
The world includes many different culture groups.
New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.

4. Culture is the set of beliefs, goals, and practices that a group of people share.
Includes many aspects of life, such as language and religion, that we may share with people around us
Each is unique

5. Culture Continue
Culture Traits
An activity or behavior in which people often take part, such as language spoken or sports played
Can be shared by people around the world
Can change from place to place

6. Development of Culture
Culture traits are often learned or passed down from one generation to the next.
Within families as traditions, foods, or holiday customs
Laws and moral codes within societies

8. Development of Culture
Cultures develop as people learn new culture traits.
Immigrants who move to a new country
Other factors, such as history and environment, also affect how cultures develop.

9. The world includes many different culture groups.
A culture region is an area in which people have many shared culture traits, such as religious beliefs, language, or lifestyle.
A single culture region can dominate an entire country.
A single country may include more than one culture region within its borders.
A culture region may stretch across country borders.

10. The world includes many different culture groups.
Often, culture regions are based on ethnic groups—groups of people who share a common culture and ancestry.

11. The world includes many different culture groups.
Cultural diversity is the state of having a variety of cultures in the same area.
Creates an interesting mix of ideas, behaviors, and practices
Can sometimes lead to conflict

12. New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.
How Cultures Change
Innovations—new ideas or ways of doing things—often bring about cultural changes.
As societies come into contact with each other, cultures can change.

13. New ideas and events lead to changes in culture.
How Ideas Spread
The spread of culture traits from one region to another is called cultural diffusion.
Occurs when people move from one place to another
Takes place as new ideas spread from place to place

15. Population studies are an important part of geography.
The Big Idea
Population studies are an important part of geography.
Main Ideas
The study of population patterns helps geographers learn about the world.
Population statistics and trends are important measures of population change.

16. The study of population patterns helps geographers learn about the world.
Population, or the total number of people in a given area, determines a great deal about the place in which a person lives.
Influences business, transportation, schools, and more

17. Geographers study human population
The study of population patterns helps geographers learn about the world.
Geographers study human population
Interested in patterns that emerge over time
Study information such as how many people live in an area, why people live where they do, and how populations change

19. Population Patterns Population Density
Population density—a measure of the number of people living in an area
High population density areas
Land more expensive
Roads crowded
Buildings taller
Low population density areas
More open spaces
Less traffic
More available land

20. Population Patterns Where People Live
When an area is thinly populated, it is often because the land does not provide a very good life.
Rugged mountains
Harsh deserts
Polar regions
Areas with denser populations tend to be regions with fertile soil, reliable sources of water, and a good agricultural climate.

22. Population statistics and trends are important measures of population change.
Geographers examine three key statistics to learn about population changes.
Birthrate—the annual number of births per 1,000 people
Death rate—the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people
Rate of natural increase—the birthrate minus the death rate equals the percentage of natural increase, or the rate at which a population is changing.

23. Population growth rates differ from one place to another.
Population statistics and trends are important measures of population change.
Population growth rates differ from one place to another.
In some countries, populations are growing very slowly or even shrinking.
In most countries, populations are growing.
In countries with growing populations, governments face many challenges.

24. Population Change Migration
Migration is the process of moving from one place to live in another.
A common cause of population change
People migrate for many reasons.
Some factors push people to leave their country.
Some factors pull, or attract, people to new countries.

26. World Population Trends
Population Change
World Population Trends
Earth’s population has exploded in the last 200 years
Better health care
Improved food production
Two important population trends:
Population growth in some of the more industrialized nations has begun to slow.
Less industrialized nations often have high growth rates.

27. Government and Economy
The Big Idea
The world’s countries have different governments and levels of economic development.
Main Ideas
The governments of the world include democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and communism.
Different economic activities and systems exist throughout the world.
Geographers group the countries of the world based on their level of economic development.

28. The governments of the world include democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and communism.
Make and enforce laws
Regulate business and trade
Provide aid to people
Help shape the culture and economy of a country as well as the daily lives of people who live there.

29. Many countries have democratic governments.
The governments of the world include democracy, monarchy, dictatorship, and communism.
Many countries have democratic governments.
A democracy is a form of government in which the people elect leaders and rule by majority.
Some work to protect the freedoms and rights of their people.
Others restrict the rights and freedoms of their people.

30. Other Types of Government
Monarchy
One of the oldest types of government
Ruled directly by a king or queen, the head of a royal family
In some, power is in the hands of just one person.
In others, many democratic practices are used.

31. Other Types of Government
Dictatorship
A single, powerful ruler has total control.
Leader is called a dictator.
Often rules by force
People have few rights and no say in their own government.

32. Other Types of Government
Communism
A political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country
Leaders are chosen by the Communist Party or by Communist leaders.
People have restricted rights and very little freedom.

34. Different economic activities and systems exist throughout the world.
The economy is a system that includes all of the activities that people and businesses do to earn a living.
Countries use a mix of different economic activities and systems.
Geographers divide economic activities into four levels.

35. Four Levels of Economic Activity
Primary Industry
People earn a living by providing raw materials or natural resources to others.
Examples include farming, fishing, and mining

36. Four Levels of Economic Activity
Secondary Industry
Use natural resources or raw materials to manufacture other products
Example: automobile manufacturers use steel and other materials to build cars and trucks.

37. Four Levels of Economic Activity
Tertiary Industry
Goods and services are exchanged
Includes people who sell the products made in secondary industries and people who provide services rather than goods, such as health care

38. Four Levels of Economic Activity
Quaternary Industry
Involves the research and distribution of information
People work with information rather than goods and often have specialized knowledge and skills.

39. Economic Systems Traditional Economy
System in which people grow their own food and make their own goods
Trade may take place through barter, or the exchange of goods without the use of money.
Often found in rural and remote communities

40. Economic Systems Market Economy
System based on private ownership, free trade, and competition
Individuals and businesses are free to buy and sell what they wish.
Prices determined by the supply and demand for goods
Sometimes called capitalism

41. Economic Systems Command Economy
System in which the central government makes all economic decisions
Government decides what goods to produce, how much to produce, and what prices will be.
Communist governments own and control most businesses in their countries.

42. Geographers group the countries of the world based on their level of economic development.
Economic Indicators
Measures of a country’s wealth used by geographers to decide if a country is developed or developing
One measure used is gross domestic product (GDP)—the value of all goods and services produced within a country in a single year.
Other indicators include a country’s per capita GDP, level of industrialization, and overall quality of life.

43. Developed and Developing Countries
Geographers group the countries of the world based on their level of economic development.
Developed and Developing Countries
Developed countries have strong economies and a high quality of life; usually have high per capita GDP
Developing countries have less productive economies and a lower quality of life; usually have lower per capita GDP

45. Global Connections The Big Idea
Fast, easy global connection have made cultural exchange, trade, and a cooperative world community possible.
Main Ideas
Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.
The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises.

47. Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.
Globalization is the process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade.
Caused by improvements in transportation and communication over the last 100 years

48. Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.
Popular culture refers to culture traits that are well known and widely accepted.
Examples include food, sports, music, and movies.
United States has great influence on global popular culture and is also influenced by global culture.

49. Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.
Expansion of global trade has increased interdependence—the reliance of one country on the resources, goods, or services of another country—between countries.
Many companies in one country often rely on goods and services produced in another country.

50. The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises.
Because of globalization, the world seems smaller.
Places are more connected.
What happens in one part of the world can affect the entire planet.
The world community works together to promote cooperation among countries in times of conflict and crisis.

51. A World Community
Countries often join together to settle conflicts such as wars, trade disputes, and political disagreements.
The United Nations (UN) is an organization of the world’s countries that promotes peace and security around the globe.
The world community promotes cooperation in times of crisis such as ones caused by earthquakes, floods, and drought.
Groups from many nations often come together to provide humanitarian aid, or assistance to people in distress.
Organizations representing countries around the globe work to help in times of crisis.

54. World Religions
Buddhism
Hinduism
Islam
Christianity
Judaism

55. World Religion Breakdown

56. Christianity

57. Buddhism