1. World of Children Second Edition by Greg Cook and Joan Littlefield Cook
Prepared by Katherine E. L. Norris, Ed.D.
West Chester University of Pennsylvania
This multimedia product and the content are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network,
preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part of any images;
any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Chapter 9 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

3. Overview of Chapter 9 The Social and Emotional Self Parenting
Friends and Play

4. The Social and Emotional Self
The Self, Self-Regulation, and Emotions
Developing Ideas and Gender
Moral Development

5. The Self, Self-Regulation, and Emotions
The characteristics, emotions, and beliefs people have about themselves, including an understanding that people are unique individuals.
I-self
The conscious awareness that you exist as a separate and unique person and that you can affect others.
Me-Self
What you know about yourself and how you describe yourself.

6. The Self, Self-Regulation, and Emotions
The ability to control our own thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and change them to meet the demands of the situation.
Emotions
By age 2 children are spontaneously talking about their feelings and the feelings of other people.
Positive emotion bias
The tendency of children to report more positive than negative emotions.

7. Developing Ideas About Gender
Gender Segregation
The tendency of children to associate with others of their same sex.
Gender Constancy
The understanding that gender remains the same despite superficial changes in appearance or behavior.
Three Stages of Gender Understanding
Gender Identity
Gender Stability
Gender constancy

8. Moral Development Conscience Morality Moral Reasoning
Ideas children have about right and wrong.
Morality
Knowing the difference between right and wrong.
Moral Reasoning
The ways in which people think about right and wrong.
Perspective Taking
The ability to understand the perspectives and needs of others.

9. Moral Development Convention Preconventional Level
A rule or practice that members of a social group agree to abide by in their behaviors, choices, and decisions.
Preconventional Level
Level of moral reasoning where children do not yet understand that rules are social conventions; children accept the rules of powerful others.

10. Parenting Dimensions of Parenting Parenting Styles
Discipline: What’s a Parent to do?

11. Dimensions of Parenting
Parental Warmth
The degree in which parents are accepting, responsive, and compassionate with their children.
Parental Control
The degree to which parents set limits, enforce rules, and maintain discipline with children.

12. Figure 9.1 Parental Warmth and Control Matrix

13. Parenting Styles Authoritative Parents Authoritarian Parents
Parents who are warm and exert firm control.
Authoritarian Parents
Parents who exert firm control but are rejecting or unresponsive to their children.
Permissive Parents
Parents who are warm, but have little control over their children.
Rejecting/Neglecting Parents
Parents who don’t set limits and are unresponsive to their children’s needs.

14. Discipline: What’s a Parent to Do?
Techniques used to teach children appropriate behavior.
Punishment
Techniques used to eliminate or reduce undesirable behavior.
A Caution About Punishment
People often over emphasize punishment.
Parents often end up yelling, spanking, or hitting.
Hitting and spanking can cause children to fear parents.
Positive Discipline
Emphasis on discipline should be teaching.

15. Friends and Play Gender Segregation Types of Play
Cultural Differences in Play

16. Gender Segregation Gender Segregation Gender Cultures
The tendency of children to associate with others of the same sex.
Gender Cultures
Different spheres of influence based on the differences that exist between male and female playgroups and affiliations.

17. Thinking Critically
When you were a child, how did your peers respond when they saw you playing with someone of the opposite sex?
Did their reactions have an encouraging or a discouraging effect on your choice of opposite-sex playmates?

18. Figure 9.2 - Gender Interactions Among Preschoolers

19. Types of Play Play Sociodramatic Play
A pleasurable activity that is activity engaged in on a voluntary basis, it intrinsically motivated, and contains some nonliteral elements.
Sociodramatic Play
Play that involves acting out different social roles or characters.

20. Cultural Differences in Play
The culture in which children live has a tremendous influence on how much they play, where they play, and the main themes in their play.