1. Is it ever just to break the law?

2. The Last Indian Wars in Illinois

3. Age of Jackson Andrew Jackson dominated this era in history
Hero of the Battle of New Orleans and the War of 1812
Indian fighter
President in 1828 and 1832

4. Jacksonian Democracy Greater political participation
Expanded franchise
More state power, less federal
Liberal land laws and improved economic conditions for the common man
Removal of Indians as needed

5. Whigs formed in opposition to “King Andrew the First”
Democratic party achieved dominance under Jackson
Jacksonians dominated Illinois politics – why?

6. Winnebago War of 1827 First clash in the war to remove the Indians
Two white men were killed by warriors defending the honor of their women
Illinois responded by assembling soldiers

7. Chief Red Bird handed over the warriors to avoid bloodshed
Three treaties were signed surrendering 4.5 million acres in N. IL for land in Iowa and other payment
Prelude to the Black Hawk War

8. Black Hawk War of 1832

9. Sauk & Fox
Settlers were eager to gain access to any and all land in IL.
Treaty in 1804 gave land in Illinois to USA
In 1829, the federal Govt. moved them across the Mississippi into Iowa.
Most of the Indians complied with the order.
Except Black Hawk

10. Rock River Valley Resistance
Small group that lived in the Rock River valley refused to leave.
In response, their homes were burned along with their crops.
Without retaliation, they flee across the river to Iowa.

11. Failed Negotiations
Black Hawk tried to argue that the forced removal and earlier treaties forcing the loss of land were illegal.
No acceptance was given

12. Spring 1831
Black Hawk ordered whites off land in IL so they could plant their corn.
The cabins of the settlers were burned
Gov. Reynolds sent 2500 soldiers

13. As a result, he was forced to sign another treaty.
He could never return to IL again
Black Hawk then sought refuge in Iowa

14. Blackhawk went to Iowa in 1831 but was unable to plant crops
Starts to plan an attack
Tries to recruit Keokuk
Keokuk warns that all who go will die
Women and children included
Outnumbered by USA

15. Iowa Attacked by the Sioux Suffered crop failures
Experienced malnutrition
Feared starvation
Black Hawk returns to IL

16. Spring 1832
In order to better feed his people, Black Hawk returned to plant crops in IL.
Settlers feared more attacks.

17. Here comes the Cavalry
1,000 regular Army soldiers and 1,935 militiamen were called up to take on Black Hawk.

18. Famous Participants Abraham Lincoln became a Captain in the militia
Lieutenant Robert Anderson was later in charge of Ft. Sumter
Lieutenant Jefferson Davis
Colonel Zachary Taylor
Gen. Winfield Scott

20. Flag of Truce
Black Hawk could not get IL Indians to help in the fight.
BH sends a delegation under a flag of truce to avoid any fighting.

21. The delegation is fired at by the militia.
BH was outnumbered 275 to 40
BH’s men attack causing the militia to run killing 12 men.

22. Indian Creek Massacre Potawatomi Indians attack Cabins are burned
16 killed and 2 girls are kidnapped
This caused an army of 4,000 to chase the Indians into Wisconsin.

23. Bad Axe

24. Bad Axe 1832
BH’s people were exhausted and starving as they were trying to get away from the Army.
BH tries again to call a truce in order to save the women & children

25. Massacre at Bad Axe
The Army ignored the offer of surrender.

26. Battle of Bad Axe
Soldiers chased them to the river, a gunboat was on the river, and the Sioux were waiting on the other side.
Women & children crossing the river were shot.
More than 300 died

27. Black Hawk escaped but was later captured.
In 15 weeks 600 Indians & 72 whites were dead.
All Indians in IL were forced to cede their land
No reservations in IL