1. The Industrial Revolution
Learning Goal 1: Describe the causes of industrialization and explain the role technology played in industrialization.

2. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1730 - 1830

3. What was the Industrial Revolution?
Academic definition: The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery.
Informal: Time period of changing from making goods by hand to by machine

4. What was the Industrial Revolution?
It shift in Western society from focus on agriculture to industry
most dramatic change since Neolithic Revolution!!!!!!!

5. Life before the industrial revolution: the Cottage System
What: Also known as the Domestic system
Goods produced in homes
Often part time work
Sewing = #1 example

6. Cottage System (aka domestic system)
Merchants provided raw materials to families to produce finished goods at home for payment
-Ex: bolts of cloth for shirts, dresses, etc.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Work at home
Hard to manage
Extra income for families
No guarantee of production
No childcare cost
Inconsistent products
Cheap for merchants

7. What Caused industrialization?
Scientific Revolution
Stability in Great Britain
The Enclosure Acts
Agricultural Revolution

8. What’s an enclosure?

9. New laws- the enclosure acts
British laws that allowed the wealthy to evict tenants & create large private farms
shifted from small farms to large, enclosed ones
Pros
Cons
Led to new farming technologies & techniques
Farm workers forced off land they’d worked for generations
Improved crop yields
Displaced farmers forced to move to cities

10. The agricultural revolution
Improved farming techniques (ex: crop rotation) and technological improvements (ex: seed drill)
Increase food supply
Increased population!!
Led to…
Led to…

12. Urbanization (vocab word)
Urbanization: process of population shift from rural (country) areas to urban (city) areas.
Growth of cities

13. Why did it start in England?
Stable government- Limited monarchy:
Parliament prevented kings from taking too much $$ in taxes
Colonies: Access to raw materials & markets to sell industrial goods
Large natural deposits of coal & iron ore
Used for building machines and coal-fueled machinery/transport
Laissez-faire capitalism
Access to ports, middle class, cheap labor

14. MIT first computer the Whirlwhind 55 – not the original first

15. The Factory System
Huge factories for large machines to mass produce goods
Machines required no breaks/lunch
Located in cities
Access to cheap labor
No labor laws (yet)
Division of labor/assembly line
Each person has 1 role – minimal training, easy to replace employees

16. Identifications (IDs)
Who: The person’s job or role
Contributions/Discoveries: Inventions or discoveries
Significance: Why is this person/their work important? You likely will have to think about this one.

17. Marie Curie WHO? Polish scientist CONTRIBUTIONS?
Proved radioactivity when applied properly was effective in treating some diseases
Created x ray
Used in WWI on the battle field
Sought funding for a hospital and laboratory dedicated to radiology to diagnose and treat disease
Created hospital/ & lab focused on radiology
Died in 1934 of exposure to radiation
vEg

18. Thomas Edison American inventor
Over 1,000 patents including: telegraph machine, phonograph, improvements to light bulb, telephone, & motion picture equipment
Inventions allowed for businesses & homes to be lighted and later have telephones
Extended the work day, increasing productivity

19. Louis Pasteur French biologist & chemist
Discovered the germ theory of disease
Developed “Pasteurization” process
heat could kill bacteria which spoiled liquids
Developed anthrax & rabies vaccines
Discovered microscopic organisms and introduced the field of microbiology
Louis Pasteur