1. World War I
11/30/14

2. Key Facts The world’s first global conflict, fought in Europe.
Also called the “Great War” and “War to End All Wars”
Countries involved:
Central Powers - Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire
Allies - Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy and Japan.
Introduced modern technology to warfare (machine guns, tanks, planes_
Unprecedented death and destruction
More than 17 million soldiers killed by the end of 4 years of constant fighting.

3. Regions where fighting took place
20,000,000 people died in connection
with the war, far more than in any earlier war in world history.
Regions where fighting took place
in World War I 1 2 3 12 4 5 6
1 Western European
Front
2 Eastern European
3 Italian Front
4 Balkan Front
5 Palestine/Syria
6 Iraq
7 Arabia
8 German Togoland
9 German Camaroons
10 German East Africa
11 German Southwest
Africa
12 Pacific Islands 7 8 9 10 11

4. Causes of World War I

5. 4 M.A.I.N. Reasons Militarism – The development of armies and weapons.
Alliance System – Countries join together for mutual defense.
Imperialism – One country taking over other countries. Germany was the main country at this time.
Nationalism – A devotion to the interests and culture of one’s own country over all others.

6. Militarism
Each Nation wanted to be the greatest on earth through building up their armies and navies.
1890: Germany was the mightiest nation on mainland Europe due to rapid industrialization
An “Arms Race” focused on naval power began: France, Italy, Japan, and USA.

7. Alliances: Allies vs Central Powers
Alliance systems were when groups of nations "teamed up"
Neutrality was the original policy when the nations of Europe went to war with one another. (Nations would not interfere when two other nations went to war.

9. Imperialism= controlling other areas for the benefit of the mother country
Countries competed for land and resources in other places, which lead to conflict.
Each wanted to have more colonies than their rivals.
Colonies = power

10. Imperialism in Action
Explain to students how materials and finished products move between mother countries and controlled territories

11. European powers competed for control of foreign territory in an effort to build up their Empires.
Point out that each major country in Europe is in this picture fighting over land in Africa.

12. Nationalism = Extreme pride and devotion to in ones own country
Competition and rivalry manifested and each country felt they were superior to the others.
Ethnic groups wanted autonomy and independence.

13. Causes of World War I Nationalism
Peoples such as the Czechs, the Serbs, the Bosnians and the Poles all wanted the right of self-determination, which meant they want to be an independent nation.

14. THINK-PAIR-SHARE
QUESTION: Which of the four causes of World War I do you believe was the most important and why?
Each person writes down their thoughts (5 minutes)
Each person pairs up with another student and talks about their answers
Each pair talks to class about their conclusions
Each student turns in their sheet for credit

15. The Spark
World War I began in 1914 after Austrian prince Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip
The assassination triggered a web of alliances that led to all of Europe being dragged into the conflict

17. The Spark that Ignites the Fire of War
The Balkan Peninsula became a disputed area.
Russia and Austria wanted to control the Serbs.
The Balkans were the gateway to the Mediterranean Sea.
Germany wanted a railway to the Ottoman Empire (Modern Day Turkey).

18. The Balkan Peninsula
Point out Serbia

19. Germany Desired a Railroad to the Muslim World through Turkey

20. The Spark that Ignites the Fire of War
START OF WAR
1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist.
Princip wanted independence for Serbia, not control from a foreign power like Austria.
Austria declared war against Serbia.
The Alliance system forced other nations to take sides: This spiraled out of control and lead to World War I.

21. Gavrilo Princip: Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne. Sparked WWI.

22. The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Explain that Ferdinand was killed by a pistol shot in his car.

23. 8/1/14 Germany declared war on Russia. Why?
The Fighting Starts
8/1/14 Germany declared war on Russia. Why?
Russia came to defend Serbia from Austria.
Germany had an alliance system with Austria.
8/3/14 Germany declared war on France. Why?
They knew France would aid Russia.
8/3/14 Germany invaded Belgium. Britain declared war on Germany and Austria-Hungary.
World War I had begun.

24. Germany and her Enemies
The War
Germany’s Schlieffen Plan: attack France first, then attack Russia.
September 1914: The Allies halted Germany at the Marne River: Each side dug trenches.
Trench Warfare. – A new kind of fighting that WWI is known for.

25. Trench Warfare
A type of fighting where both sides stayed in deep trenches to avoid the gunfire “up top.”
Trench warfare was used on the Western Front, the line between France and Germany that rarely moved. These trenches were protected by barbed wire and concrete machine-gun nests.

26. Germany and her Enemies
“No man’s land” was the area between the trenches because it was so deadly.
“Going over the top” was a saying of the time that meant charging out of your trench.
Battle of the Somme- July 1, 1916: Britain lost 60,000 troops in a single day; 1.2 Million died in the end.

27. The Somme – July, 1916 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

28. Early Part of War
Started on August 1, 1914 when Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary, declared war against Russia, Serbia’s ally and then against France and Germany, Russia’s allies.
On August 3, 1914 Germany invaded Belgium, an ally of France
Allies could not stop Germany in Belgium, but stopped them in France.
Both sides dug in with trenches, where both sides made little movement.
11/30/14

32. Trench Warfare

34. Trench Foot: A condition of the foot resembling frostbite, caused by prolonged exposure to cold and dampness and often affecting soldiers in trenches.

37. The conflict in Europe bogged down into a stalemate of horrific Trench Warfare.
Meanwhile the United States stood by and watched, maintaining a neutral position.
However, it wouldn’t be long until events pulled America into World War I.

39. For the first three years of World War I, the U.S. remained neutral
America the Neutral
For the first three years of World War I, the U.S. remained neutral
Wilson won re-election in presidential election of 1916, using the slogan “He kept us out of war.”

40. Lusitania Sunk
In 1915, Germany sank the British cruise ship Lusitania, killing over 1,200 people, including 128 Americans.
While this angered many Americans, it still was not enough to get the U.S. to enter the war.

42. German U-boat attacks
Germany began unlimited submarine warfare in the Atlantic Ocean in 1915.
It was the sinking of American trade ships without warning that was the biggest reason why the United States entered World War I

43. The Zimmerman Note was an alleged telegram from Germany to Mexico.
Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmerman Note was an alleged telegram from Germany to Mexico.
Germany promised Mexico land in exchange for going to war with the U.S.
The Zimmerman Telegram was the last straw for most Americans in turning against Germany.

44. "The world must be made safe for democracy.”
U.S. enters World War I
One day after subs sank seven U.S. ships and after the Zimmerman note was made public, Congress declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917
"The world must be made safe for democracy.”
-- Woodrow Wilson