1. The Civil War

4. Causes of the American Civil War
Slavery – should Western states be “free” or “slave” states?
Union (North) – contain or abolish
Confederacy (South) – proslavery
2. Sectionalism – loyal to state rather than to country
Federalism VS States’ Rights
North – Federal Gov. most power
South – State Gov. most power

5. Causes of the Civil War continued…
Failure to Compromise –
North – larger population so should have more power in the government
South – wants equal representation
Election of Abraham Lincoln leads South to secede
5. Fort Sumter 1861 – Confederates (South)
fire on Union (North) troops in South Carolina

6. Advantages of the North & South
CONFEDERATES
Better military leaders
Fighting on home soil
Fighting to keep their own way of life
UNION
Larger population
More factories
More Railroads
Effective Navy
both sides are NOT prepared for war

7. CIVIL WAR PEOPLE Abraham Lincoln – USA president
Jefferson Davis – Confederate States President
Ulysses S. Grant – Union General captured Mississippi River during Vicksburg battle
William T. Sherman – Union General that used “Total War”
Robert E. Lee – Confederate General
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – Conf. hero at Bull Run
Clara Barton –Union nurse, founded Red Cross

8. Abraham Lincoln President of the U.S.A.
           
Abraham Lincoln President of the U.S.A.

9. President
Jefferson Davis

10. Ulysses S. Grant

11. Robert E. Lee

12. William T.
Sherman

13. Clara Barton

14. Civil War Battles Battle of Bull Run (1861)
1st major battle
Near Washington D.C.
Confederate victory
Showed both sides war would be long & bloody
Battle of Antietam (Sept. 17, 1862)
Confederates 1st attempt to invade North
Bloodiest day of war (23,000 killed/wounded)
Neither side wins
General Lee leads Confederates

15. Grant wants control of Mississippi River Union forces siege Vicksburg
Battle of Vicksburg (1863)
Grant wants control of Mississippi River
Union forces siege Vicksburg
After 6 weeks Vicksburg surrenders
North wins and South is divided
Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)
Fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
General Lee and Pickett’s Charge
Union victory & turning point of Civil War
Gettysburg Address

18. Some Civil War Related Vocab:
Civil War – citizens of the same country fighting each other
Union – a group, the Northern states during C.W.
Confederates – people from the Confederacy
Confederacy – name for Southern states, as a separate country, during C.W.
Confederate States of America - name for Southern states, as a separate country, during C.W.

19. Manufacture – make products to sell
Agriculture – farming
Secede – state becomes disloyal to country
Secession – what Southern states did during C.W.
Fugitive Slave Laws - run away slaves must be returned
Abolish – to end or stop something
Abolitionist – person against slavery

20. Compromise - come to an agreement
Kansas-Nebraska Act - cancels Missouri Compromise and slavery decision based on popular sovereignty
Missouri Compromise “Louisiana purchase” land to north of Missouri’s southern border is free of slavery and Maine is free and Missouri is slave state
Dred Scott case: Scott not free because slaves are not citizens, they are property and have no rights

21. Uncle Tom’s Cabin – book about evils of slavery
Emancipate – to set free
Emancipation: gain freedom
Emancipation Proclamation: Lincoln says slaves free
Racism – thinking one race is better than another
Discrimination – treating people differently because of their group

23. political, social, or economic?
Union is preserved (all one country, not divided)

24. political, social, or economic?
Approximately 610,000 Americans killed

25. political, social, or economic?
States’ rights restricted and power of federal government increased

26. political, social, or economic?
Slavery is abolished
Emancipation Proclamation (1863 Lincoln)
13th Amendment (1865 slavery in USA illegal)

27. political, social, or economic?
The South is destroyed
(land, buildings, farms, bridges, etc…)

28. political, social, or economic?
plan for Unification & Reconstruction is needed

29. Political results of Civil War
Power of the federal government grew
One country (not USA and CSA)
Congress wants to help African Americans
Economic results of Civil War
1. Southern land destroyed
2. No slaves
3. Northern economy doing well, factories growing
Social results of Civil War
1. Bitter feelings between N. and S.
2. Millions of African Americans were free from slavery (Freedmen)
3. Different races learning to live and work together

31. Johnson’s plan = Plan that went into effect
Lincoln’s Plan 10% Plan
Easy on the South
Abolish slavery
10% of voters in southern states had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US
John Wilkes Booth
Fords Theater
Johnson’s plan = Plan that went into effect
over 50% of voters in southern states had to take oath of loyalty
Allowed ex- confederates to vote and hold government offices

32. Congress’s Plan = called the
Wade – Davis Bill
50% of voters in southern states had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US
Abolish slavery
Denied right to vote or hold office to ex-confederates

33. some Reconstruction related vocab:
Freedmen – former slaves
Radical Republicans – want drastic change and to punish South
Scalawags – nickname for Southerns who didn’t agree with Southern traditions
Southern Democrats - Southerners who had power before the war and were re-elected to the new government , wanted south to change as little as possible
Freedmen’s Bureau - provided food, clothing, schools, & job training for people in the south – most went to white southerners
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to make money or gain power

34. Gave all black men the right to vote
13th amendment
abolished slavery in the United States
led to sharecropping and black codes
14th amendment
Gave citizenship to all people born in the US and said all people should be treated equally
Led to Jim Crow Laws and Plessy vs. Ferguson
15th Amendment
Gave all black men the right to vote
Led to Poll taxes, Literacy tests, and grandfather clauses

35. Poll taxes: required to pay a fee to vote
Literacy test – had to pass written test in order to vote
Grandfather clause – didn’t have to take literacy test if grandfather voted in 1867
Black Codes: laws that limited the rights of blacks; example - blacks could not own guns or vote, & blacks could only work as laborers
Sharecropping: blacks worked the land of white planters, but received as payment only a share of the crops they harvested & went in debt to owners for materials needed

36. Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896): Supreme Court case that said segregation was legal if “separate but equal” facilities exist
Jim Crow Laws – segregation rules listing all places that would be legally segregated for each state

37. Political Conflicts
Impeachment of President Johnson -
Radical Republicans try to remove President Johnson from office…
failed by one vote
Election of 1876
secret deal: If a republican (Rutherford B. Hayes) became President, the
North will leave the South alone
What happens?...Rutherford B. Hayes became president and reconstruction ends