1. Referencing
UCD Access

2. Learning Outcomes
Referencing
Avoiding Plagiarism
Referencing Styles

3. Bibliography/List of References
Each essay should contain a list of references.
This is placed at the end of your essay.
You should include all material used in writing and preparing for the essay.

4. Secondary Reading
Identify and evaluate the line of reasoning in the text.
Search for hidden agendas and assumptions.
Identify and evaluate the evidence used in the text.
Identify the writer’s conclusions
Decide whether the evidence used is sufficient to support the conclusions made.

5. What do you need to reference?
Referencing
When do you use a quote?
What do you need to reference?
Why is it important to reference?

6. What to reference
Direct Quotes
Paraphrased material
Evidence

7. What is Plagiarism? Academic Integrity
Presenting another person’s ideas or written material as your own.
Using a source without acknowledging the author.
Academic Integrity

8. Submitting someone else’s work as your own
Types of Plagiarism
Submitting someone else’s work as your own
a friend’s essay,
an essay copied from the Internet
a purchased essay
Asking someone else to write or rewrite your essay for submission

9. Types of Plagiarism - patchwork
Creating a patch-work essay
bringing together paragraphs and ideas taken from different sources.
Although research was required to find the paragraphs and ideas, your analysis or discussion of those ideas is missing.
Even if sources are cited, then what you have is research notes rather than your own essay.

10. Why might you paraphrase?
Paraphrasing
Translating technical material into simpler language.
Paraphrasing because a lecturer/tutor has explicitly requested that you do so.
“Translating” a poem into simpler language.
Why might you paraphrase?

11. Cite all of the material you have used, including lecture notes.
Avoiding Plagiarism 1
Cite all of the material you have used, including lecture notes.
Have a clear understanding of what is, and is not, common knowledge.

12. Avoiding Plagiarism 2 Print your electronic resources
File and label your sources
Do not copy and paste material into your work
Keep your notes and your essay draft separate
Ensure your have cited paraphrased material explicitly
If in doubt, delete or reference.

13. Titles Titles in the body of the essay Play (italics) ‘Poem’
Novel (italics)
‘Article’
‘Short Story’

14. Clarity Integrity Referencing
Could the reader easily find your sources to use themselves?
Integrity
Have you honestly included references to all of the material you used when completing the assignment?

15. Harvard – references 1 Book with one author Book with an editor
Author/Editor Last name, Initials. (Year) Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Barrett, D. (2008) Understanding Molecular Physics. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Book with an editor
Editor(s) Last name, Initials (Ed.). (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Cadden, T. (Ed.). (2009) British Drama in the Twentieth Century. London: Oxford University Press.

16. Harvard – references 2 Chapter in an edited book
Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Chapter title'. In: Editor's(s) last name, Initials. ed(s). Book title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example: Harper, G. (2010) ‘Scientific Discovery in a Digital Age'. In: Ottan, K. et al. eds. Science in the Twenty-First Century. New York: Sage.
Print Journal article with one author
Author Last name, Initials. (Year) 'Article title'. Journal title, Volume (Issue): page numbers.
Example: Bartley, R. (1998) ‘Symbolism in John B. Keane’s Drama'. Irish Journal of Theatre Studies, 17 (2):67-88.

17. Harvard – references 3 E-journal article Page on a website
REF: Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) ‘Article title’, Journal title [Internet], Volume (Issue), page numbers. Available from: URL [Accessed day month year].
Example: Bannon, T. et al, (2004). ‘Fine Motor Skills in infants suffering Brain Damage’, Harvard Medical Journal, 41 (2) [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 6 June 2012].
Page on a website
REF: Webpage Author(s) Last name, Initials. (Year) Page title. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year)
Example: Martin, W. (2009) Understanding the Celtic Tiger. Available at: (Accessed 25 October 2012)

18. Harvard – short quotations
These should be worked in with the rest of your sentence and marked off with double quotation marks According to Bartan “the opening of the speech was rather ineffectual, resulting in a poor response from the audience” (2010, p. 300) .

19. Harvard – long quotations
Block or large quotation
Quotes longer than one sentence should be indented – a line should be left at the beginning and end of the quote to separate it from the rest of the text. The quote should appear in a smaller font than the rest of the essay. The page numbers should be given at the end of the quote. Example
Pattell et al. (1998) highlight the unnecessary nature of the violence enacted by the rebels:
the violent nature of rebels attacks seemed to be somewhat senseless. The murdered
women and children who were doing little more than seeking refuge nearby. They
showed little remorse for their acts and seemed to revel in their destruction of human
life (p. 451).

20. Online Library Resources
Referencing and Citation
Avoiding Plagiarism
School Citation Styles

21. Quotations
If you need to leave out some words from the quote replace them with ... (three dots).
To insert your own words into the quote to ensure it makes grammatical sense in your work, write your words in [square brackets] to distinguish them from the author's.
In both cases be careful not to alter the meaning of the quote by removing or adding too many words.

22. QUB Reference Generator
Reference Generators
Easybib
QUB Reference Generator
Refme