1. Referencing Sources Advanced Higher English

2. Avoiding Plagiarism Your essay has to be your own work but you can include quotes from existing materials. Any source you refer to or quote must be correctly referenced. Every time you look at a source make a note of its details, and the date you looked at it. By doing this you know what you looked at when, and you have a record of it for your reference list and/or bibliography. Your sources can then be easily found by anyone who reads your work, so that if necessary they can check them for evidence.

3. How to use your sources All information which is not acknowledged as a direct quote should be written in your own words. Rewording or summarising information from a source and not referencing it is plagiarism. At the end of your essay write a reference list containing any sources you have cited in your text. You could write a bibliography instead of a reference list, this will contain all the sources you have looked at during your research, whether or not you have actually made use of information from them.

4. Harvard Referencing For English you will be using the Harvard referencing system. This is the most common form of referencing used for humanities subjects. More information about the Harvard System can be found at http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvar d.htm

5. Citing sources in your work Whenever you refer to information from a source or use a direct quote you need to acknowledge this in the body of your work. If you are quoting from a specific page or pages in a source you need to include the page numbers as well as give the author’s name and the date of publication. eg: Harris (2008, p.56) argued that “nursing staff…” If you are refering to a complete work you just need the author and date of publication eg: In a recent study (Evans, 2008), qualifications of school-leavers were analysed… These citations will then link to the full details of the source, which will be listed in the reference list or bibliography at the end of your work.

6. Using quotations in your text Short quotations –up to 2 or 3 lines long, should be in quotation marks in the body of your work. Longer quotations should be included as a separate paragraph and indented from the main text. For these you do not need to use quotation marks. Just put the citation details in brackets after the quoted passage.

7. What source information do you need for your reference list/bibliography? Referencing a book source Find the information by using the title page and the back of the title page – NOT the cover. The format should be: author/editor (year of publication) Title (series) place, publisher Note: -if there is an editor rather than an author put (ed.) after the editor’s name

8. Example of a book reference Watt, Ian(ed.)(1986) Jane Austen: A collection of Critical Essays London:Prentice-Hall International (UK) Ltd NB – if this book had been part of a series the series would have been included in round brackets.

9. Web sources The most important details you need are the web address (url), and the date you accessed the site. If the information is from an article within the website you will need to try and find the author and title of the article as well as when it was first written.

10. How to find author information from a web site  Check the bottom and top of the article to see if there is an author’s name and/or copyright details.  Click on the home page of the website and read the “about us” section to see if you can find a name.  Check to see if there are any references within the article which might help.

11. Referencing a web source with an author Use the following format: Author/editor (date written) title of internet site Available at: URL (date accessed) eg: Richardson, H (14 May 2010)Universites say students may face earlier loan payback Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/10115822.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/10115822.stm (Accessed: 14/05/2010)

12. Referencing a web source with an organisation as author Economic and Social Research Council (2007) Security and Terrorism in the UK Available at: http://www.independence.co.uk/issues-online (Accessed: 18 May 2010) http://www.independence.co.uk/issues-online

13. Reference List/Bibliography You do not need both – choose either a bibliography or a reference list. At the end of your work list all the sources of information you have used in alphabetical order by the author/editor’s surname. Use the exact format shown.