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Renaissance Era Power and Politics
Who are the players? Who is in charge? How to rule?
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Renaissance Italy Italian City-States Trade = Power Merchants ↑↑ $$ =
↑↑ Political Power
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The City-State Players
Fr = France M = Milan N = Naples F = Florence V = Venice PS = Papal States A = Aragon (southern Spain)
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Why a French Invasion of Italy? What was the impact?
City-State mistrust >> treaties and alliances, bad decisions… Treaty of Lodi = M+N+F… (vs. V+PS) M (il Moro) feels threatened by N… asks Fr for help, Fr (Charles VIII) invades to ↑power F (P. Medici) appeases Fr, offers land Medici out, Savanarola in > theocratic rule Savanarola executed 1498, Medici back League of Venice formed 1495 A+V+PS+HRE+M v. Fr > Fr withdraw = peace
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Politics & the Church Pope Alexander VI (Borgia family)
Corrupt,, abused power Open sex scandals Traded favors for $$ & Power Treaty of Tordesillas legacy Pope Julius II (della Rovere family) “Warrior Pope”…Secular… corrupt Holy League (PS+A+V+HRE+Swiss) v Fr >> Concordat of Bologna = Fr stays RC, deal
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Machiavelli & The Prince
Chaos & Corruption in Italy… resolution? Sought Italian political unity under Medici The Prince = Guidebook of political action Better to be feared than loved… Ends justify the means… Conclusion? Strong rulers are needed, action is valued Hard decisions, ruthlessness as needed
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Monarchy & State Needs Trade centers allied with Monarchs
End Feudal political / social structure National focus >> ↑↑ Power to Monarch Taxes, Laws, Wars decided by monarch Conflict with nobility, cancel assemblies National Needs Standing military, bureaucracy, court-life, $$
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Monarchy Revived
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France Charles VII + Jacques Coeur build $$ / admin +
English expelled (100 Years War) Burgundy defeated = Rise of France under Louis XI (Valois)
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Isabella (Castille) + Ferdinand (Aragon) Expelled Jews & Muslims 1492
Spain Isabella (Castille) + Ferdinand (Aragon) = SPAIN unified Conquered Moors Controlled Church, Established Inquisition Expelled Jews & Muslims 1492 Sponsored Columbus 1492 >> Empire Alliances thru marriage w/ HRE & England
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The Inquisition Convert to RC or ?? Confess to crime or ??
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England War of the Roses = York v. Lancaster Edward IV (Y) ↓
Richard III (Y) – usurper Henry VII (L) Tudor dynasty (Y+L marriage) Court of Star Chamber justice, ↓↓nobles power
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Holy Roman Empire Germanic princes resist unification
= 300+ kingdoms w/in HRE Golden Bull = Electoral College (7) Elected Holy Roman Emperor Germans tied but divided Reichstag: Electors + Princes + Free Cities
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