1. Rise of the New Monarchs
1.6

2. Introduction –
Consolidated power, created foundation for Europe’s first nation-states in France, England, and Spain
Never achieved total power in the government
Characteristics
Reduced the power of the nobility through
Taxation
Taking lands
Creation of standing armies
Reduced political power of the clergy
Created more efficient bureaucracies
Increased political power of the bourgeoisie (middle class)

3. France Rise of the Valois family Louis XI “Spider King” (1461-1483)
Created large standing army
Increased taxes
Builds and maintains roads

4. France Francis I (1515-1547) Concordat of Bologna
King of France has power to appoint bishops to Gallican Church
Big blow to Papal prestige in France
Taille – a direct head tax to increase national treasury

5. England War of the Roses (1455-1477) Henry VII (1489-1509)
Civil war between York and Lancaster families
Yorkists win and build up English wealth
Henry VII ( )
Member of the Tudor family
Reduced power of the nobility through the Star Chamber
Nobles cannot have private armies

7. Spain Ferdinand and Isabella (1478-1516)
Unite the Spanish kingdoms of Aragon and Castille
Reconquista (1492)
Goal was to remove the Moors and Jews and Christianize the country of Spain
Loss of Jews and Moors resulted in a significant decline of the Spanish middle class

12. Holy Roman Empire NOT Holy, NOT Roman, NOT an Empire
Consisted of about 300 semi-autonomous states in Germany
Each state had its own foreign policy and wars
NOT a “new monarchy”
Emperor didn’t have centralized control over the states, couldn’t levy taxes/raise armies

14. Charles V Hapsburg family – Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain
Led armies which sacked Rome in 1527
Sought to prevent spread of Reformation in Germany and invasion of Muslims from SE Europe