1. Cold War
Chapter 18 section 1

2. Allies Clash U.S. and Soviet Union = Rival superpowers after war
Both could Influence world
Americans / Soviets became more suspicious of each other
A bitter rivalry starts
Stalin angry
U.S. did not attack Europe quick enough
Secret of the Atomic Bomb

3. Soviet Communism vs American Capitalism
State controls all property and economy
Totalitarian gov. with no opposing parties
Vs.
Voting by the people elected the president and a congress from competing political parties.

4. United Nations Created at the end of WWII April 25, 1945
Representative – 50 Nations
Establish Peacekeeping Body
2 months of debate
Arena to compete for the two super powers – spread influence over every one else

5. Potsdam Conference July 1945 = Germany Big 3 = Clement, Truman, Stalin
Final wartime conference
Big 3 = Clement, Truman, Stalin
Take reparations from own occupation zones
Spreading of democracy
Right to self determination (each country could chose what type of gov. they wanted)
U.S./ Soviet Union very powerful
Enormous economic / military strength

6. European goals for U.S. and Soviet Union
Let all countries decide what they want to be
Gain access to raw materials
Rebuild european gov. so U.S. could trade with them
Reunite Germany
Soviets
Establish communism
Control eastern Europe to keep U.S. influence out
Keep Germany divided and weak

7. Soviet Union Soviet Union = Huge losses from WWII
20+ million deaths
½ of them were civilians
Felt justified in claims to Eastern Europe as a result of WWII
Installed communist governments
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Poland
Were called Satellite Nations = Dominated by the Soviets

8. Containment Stop “Babysitting the Soviets” said Truman Containment
Prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries
Europe = 2 political regions
Democratic Western Europe
Communist Eastern Europe
Iron Curtain
Division of Europe

9. Cold War Cold War = 1945 - 1991 Truman Doctrine
Conflicting U.S. and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe
Never directly confronting each other
No shots ever fired
Truman Doctrine
“It must be the policy of the U.S. to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”
Giving aid to countries who where threatened to be taken over
Greece / Turkey
$400 million

10. Marshall Plan June 1947 George Marshall = Sec. of State
Provide aid to all European Nations that needed it
Europe in Chaos
Factories bombed
Millions living in refugee camps
Bitter winter
Damaged crops
Frozen rivers – transportation – fuel shortage
Helped the economy in W. Europe

11. Superpowers struggle over Germany

12. Struggle over Germany 1948 Berlin Airlift
Split into 4 zones at end of War
1948
Britain, France, U.S. = Combined zones
Western Berlin was occupied by the French
Soviets surrounded Berlin
Stalin wants all of Berlin
closed all highway and rail routes into West Berlin
No food or fuel could reach the W. Berlin citizens
Only enough food to last for 5 weeks
Berlin Airlift
Fly in food / Supplies = 327 days
227,000 flights million tons of supplies
1949 = Soviets lifted blockade

14. NATO April 4, 1949 = Defensive Military alliance
North Atlantic Treaty Organization = NATO
Soviet Union not in it
28 Countries today
Military support to one another
1st U.S. alliance during peacetime
Standing military = 500,000 troops
Thousands of planes, tanks, and supplies