1. PSYCH –Unit 6: Motivation Part I - Instinct, Drive Reduction, & Arousal

2. How many can your remember in 30 seconds?
Blue plant nice teacher
Red animal mean pencil
Green tree rude pen
Orange mango awesome paper
Purple tall nuts shirt
Apple short christmas
Banana water presents
Psychology math school

3. http://www. youtube. com/watch
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4. What is Motivation? 3 Theories: The impulse to do a certain action.
Instinct Theory
Drive-Reduction Theory
Arousal Theory

5. COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION:
Motive - a stimulus that moves a person toward a behavior designed to achieve a specific goal.
Need - a lack of something that one requires or desires.
Drive - a force that pushes a person to act.
Incentive - a force that pulls a person toward a particular behavior.
Emotions - the states of the body and mind associated with feelings.
Motivation may be…
conscious ("I'll need a good grade, so I'll study")
or unconscious (nibbling on food while you're studying).

7. http://www. google. com/url. q=http%3A%2 F%2Fprezi
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8. Motivation A need or desire that energizes & directs behavior.
Early Motivation Theories
Motivation is based on our instincts:
Behavior that is patterned throughout a species & is UNLEARNED.

9. Video: Motivation - An Introduction

10. Instinct Theory:
One of the oldest theories comes from the field that we know today as Evolutionary Psychology.
Charles Darwin: human behavior is driven by innate instinctual drives (unlearned) like those for some birds & fish.
However, this theory soon revealed its limitations in that it could only describe the behavior of humans but not provide an explanation.
Examples:
Sea Turtles, upon being born on the beach, instinctively head directly to the sea.
Infants have an inborn rooting reflex that helps them seek out a nipple & obtain nourishment.
Birds have an inborn need to build a nest or migrate during the winter.

11. "Instinct theory proposes that organisms engage in certain behaviors because they lead to success in terms of natural selection. Instinct theory casts motivation as essentially intrinsic & biologically based. Migration & mating are examples of instinctually motivated behavior in animal."
(Melucci, 2010)

12. "To qualify as an instinct, a complex behavior must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned. Such behaviors are common in other species. Human behavior, too, exhibits certain unlearned fixed patterns, including infants' innate reflexes for rooting & sucking. Most psychologists, though, view human behavior as directed by both physiological needs & psychological wants."
(Myers, 2011)

16. Drive-Reduction Theory (Clark-Hull 1940s)
A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Hull: Humans have innate biological needs (thirst) & social needs (love)
Drives compel us to satisfy our needs
The need is usually to maintain homeostasis.
We are not only pushed by our needs...
Pulled by our incentives: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

17. Drive-Reduction Theory:
Thirst (need) feel an internal motivation (drive) to find water to satisfy that need
Drive-Reduction Theory:
Do whatever is necessary to reduce the unpleasant sensation.
Humans often act counter to this.
People will go on hunger strikes if they feel strongly about some cause.
The motivation to not eat in this situation is greater than the biological motivation to eat.

18. Arousal Theory Sometimes we do not seek homeostasis.
Sometimes we seek arousal.
Our needs go beyond reducing drives.
Stimulation is a primary need.
Too much stimulation causes stress, so homeostatic processes are working here as well.
Some people exhibit a drive towards high-risk situations that are uncomfortable without adrenaline rush.
Others are content to watch and would feel uncomfortable if they were forced to engage in high-risk behaviors.

19. Video: Real Life Spiderman 1:41

24. Roberta Mancino: ESPN E:60 "Fly Girl" 6:39