1. Understanding
HIV & AIDS

2. Information is vital
As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your life
Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very important
None of this is meant to scare you – remember, knowledge is very empowering
You can also be an informed educator to others
How many of you feel as though you make better decisions when you have information? Reminder about using index cards for anonymous questions

3. What does HIV stand for?

4. HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
OK, now what does each of these mean?
Break words down so the students correlate the word to their meaning

5. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
An infection in which HIV enters the blood and is multiplying in the person’s cells.

6. AIDS
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome

7. True or False
A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade your body
This is called AIDS
Ask who can explain what an OI is. Again, break term down into its word descriptions for comprehension

8. True
AIDS is a stage of disease where your immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop below the level of 200 cells per mm blood (a healthy person has about 800)
and your body cannot fight off simple infections
Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS live much longer than they used to
Reinforce concept of all terms for immune cells are synonymous
Reinforce all terms refer to immune cells. Book refers to “HIV can cause death” if left untreated, it can lead to AIDS as we just discussed. But the important thing to know is that if someone finds out that they have HIV and gets treated, today they can live a long, healthy life. This is not to say that living with HIV is easy – it is not – and you do not want to get it. We’re simply pointing out that, if detected early, there are medications to help.
The types of medications given to people with HIV and AIDS are called protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. They attack the virus at various stages of its cycle as it enters the bloodstream.

9. Opportunistic Infections
infections or illnesses that take advantage of a weakened immune system

10. Origins of HIV Likely resulted from hybridization
(merging) of two simian (monkey) viruses
HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier

11. HIV and SIV
HIV-1
SIV-1
SIV-2
HIV-2
Sooty Mangabeys
Chimpanzees

12. Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS
Eastern Europe
1 million
Western Europe
550,000
N. America
1.2 million
Asia & Pacific
6.6 million
North Africa
500,000
Caribbean
420,000
Sub-Saharan
Africa million
Latin America
1.5 million
Australia & New
Zealand 15,000
Total: 40+ million
Data from UNAIDS

13. U.S. cases
OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S.
Most infections are found in people ages years

14. What is HIV

15. Life Cycle of HIV-1
This HIV cycle shows you the different points at which medication is targeting the virus (as we discussed before with drugs that can block the progress of the virus)

17. Phases & Symptoms
of HIV

18. Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 HIV Little or no symptoms (Asymptomatic)
could last up to
10 years
HIV
fatigue, weight loss, fever and diarrhea
Possible mental
changes
White blood cell
count drops below200.
Opportunistic infections
appear
Phase 2
Phase 3

19. Ways to transmit HIV BODILY FLUIDS:
Any type of unprotected sexual activity
Internet chat-rooms have become a place where people are meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissions
Needle sharing and other “works”
Needle sticks or exposure to blood
Mother-child
Blood transfusions (prior to testing in 1985)
Oral sex is when on person’s mouth comes into contact with another person’s sexual body parts.
Donated blood is tested for HIV but there is a chance that a person donating blood may be in the window period we’ll be discussing in a minute.
Tattoos and body piercings could pose a risk for HIV transmission if there is blood on the equipment they are using or in shared ink. Tattoos and body piercings in Idaho pose a much higher risk for HepC transmissions (unregulated industry). Only use tattoo and piercing parlors that will show you exactly how clean their equipment and procedures are.

20. How is HIV
transmitted?

21. BLOOD Vaginal Fluid semen Breast milk
Fluids that transmit
the HIV virus:
BLOOD
Vaginal Fluid
semen
Breast milk

22. Sexual activity with an infected person
ABSTINENCE is the only 100% effective way to prevent HIV infection through sexual transmission.

23. with an infected person
Sharing
needles
with an infected person

24. injecting drugs or steroids
sharing drug equipment or drug solutions
sharing objects used for piercing or tattooing
Blood Transfusion

25. Infected mother to her infant before or during the birth process or
breast feeding

26. Is there a cure for aids?

27. process allowing people with HIV to live longer,
Even though there is
no cure,
ARV drugs can slow
down the replication
process allowing people
with HIV to live longer,
healthier lives than those
who are infected with
HIV who are not taking ARV drugs.
Video on picture

28. However…

29. OK,
Now that you know how you can get HIV, how do you think you could prevent it?
Abstinence only fool-proof method (100%)
Abstinence is the only fool-proof method. Don’t ever associate with people you don’t know on the internet and talk to your parents if you are ever approached through the internet or !
Drugs – you may not find yourself ever in this situation but you may encounter people in your lives who do use drugs. You can then educate them about disease transmission through needles and other drug-use equipment. Culturally or due to low finances, some families may have family members who, for example, are diabetic and they may even choose to share needles and not know that this can transmit disease. Important for you to understand a variety of circumstances whereby people might share drug equipment and that it’s unsafe.

30. Abstinence (not engaging in sexual activity)
Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put
you at risk. Some couples get tested together (monogamy).
Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good judgment and don’t put yourself at risk!
Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sexual activity, educate yourself in ways to prevent all forms of STIs and STDs (condoms: male and female)
Avoid drugs and alcohol
When the time comes in your life, get tested before you have a baby
Abstinence is the only fool-proof method. Don’t ever associate with people you don’t know on the internet and talk to your parents if you are ever approached through the internet or . Discuss why drugs and alcohol should be avoided (i.e. impairs judgment, lowers ability to say “no” to sex, leaves you not in control of situations)
Drugs – Drugs/alcohol can affect your judgment; thus increasing your risk-taking.
You may not find yourself ever in this situation but you may encounter people in your lives who do use drugs. You can then educate them about disease transmission through needles and other drug-use equipment. Culturally or due to low finances, some families may have family members who, for example, are diabetic and they may even choose to share needles and not know that this can transmit disease. Important for you to understand a variety of circumstances whereby people might share drug equipment and that it’s unsafe.

31. True or False If you knew someone who was HIV+,
you could get HIV from coming into
contact with their
sweat, urine or tears

32. False The only bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are: Blood Semen
Vaginal fluid
Breast milk
Other bodily fluids only if there was blood present/visible
Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who has HIV
Kissing could transmit HIV only if there were open sores or cuts in both people’s mouths – remember, HIV is a bloodborne pathogen.

33. It’s VERY important to remember that people infected with HIV who are on ARV drugs can STILL TRANSMIT HIV to others!

34. Question for candy…
Who can be affected by HIV?

35. Answer…
Anyone!
If they engage in unprotected sex or share drug use equipment
Any age, any gender, anyone
People close to them are also affected by this disease

40. When Should I get Tested for HIV?
You should be tested for HIV if you have…
had sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral, or anal) without a condom
learned that a partner was not monogamous
have been sexually assaulted
had a condom break
shared needles or syringes to inject drugs (including steroids) or for body piercing, tattooing, or any other reason
had multiple sexual partners
found out that a partner has shared needles
learned that a past or current partner is HIV-positive
discovered that a partner has been exposed to HIV
had a recent diagnosis of another sexually transmitted infection (STI)
are pregnant

41. Early HIV Infection
Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposure
Most common presentation is
Fever, fatigue, headache, and rash

42. HIV Window Period What is it?
This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body after exposure
This can take up to 3 months
Example: If you thought that you were exposed to HIV today, what date would you know for sure? January 16 or 17

43. It’s important because:
The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical care
It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is known

44. Importance of HIV Diagnosis
Early Intervention services
Improved quality of life
Avoid complications
Healthcare maintenance
Prevent transmission
Chronic infection
Transmission to others

45. Summary: How does HIV spread?
Through sexual activity and injection drug use
Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk
Be informed and educate others!