1. Georgia Studies Unit 5: Impact of Civil War on Georgia
Lesson 2: Ga’s Role in the Civil War
Study Presentation

2. Unit 5: Impact of Civil War on Ga Lesson 2: Ga’s Role in the Civil War
Nouns
Verbs

3. Lesson 2: The Civil War History Standard – SS8H5
The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War on Georgia.

4. Find the major verbs and nouns and label them on your “T” Chart.
SS8H5 Elements
b. Explain Georgia’s role in the Civil War; include the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, the Emancipation Proclamation, Chickamauga, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.

5. Unit 5: Impact of Civil War on Ga Lesson 2: Ga’s Role in the Civil War
Union Blockade of GA’s coast
Emancipation Proclamation
Chickamauga
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Andersonville
Explain
Nouns
Verbs

6. Lesson 2: The Civil War Essential Question
How did key military, political, and economic strategies influence the outcome of the Civil War?

7. The Civil War Begins: Southern Secession
April 10, 1861, Major General P.G.T. Beauregard leads bombardment of Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor
Federal troops and laborers inside Fort Sumter surrender on April 13
Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia secede from the Union
President Abraham Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops to put down the rebellion and protect Washington

8. Civil War
Most soldiers volunteered at first, but later men were conscripted (drafted to serve in the armies)
Poorer men sometimes accepted money to fight in place of rich men who didn’t want to serve
Many soldiers between 14 and 16 years old
North had factories, better railroad system, and most of the nation’s food growing farms and money
South had more experienced military leaders
South traded cotton for weapons/supplies

9. Civil War
What impact did the American Civil War have on Georgia and the other Southern States?
During war, Georgia manufactured equipment for Confederate States of America (CSA).
Large portion of war, Georgia relatively untouched by US forces.
It suffered during Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea.
After the war, Georgia’s economy was in bad shape.

10. Antietam
September 17, 1862
Civil War battle near Sharpsburg, Maryland

11. Antietam Bloodiest one day battle of the Civil War.
About 2,000 Northerners and 2,700 Southerners were killed and 19,000 people were wounded.
Union Victory

12. Antietam
Why was the Battle of Antietam important to the Civil War and to Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
This was the “victory” Abraham Lincoln needed to release his Emancipation Proclamation.
One week after this battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.
Though often understood as the document that “freed the slaves,” the Proclamation actually said that all slaves in the rebellious states would be freed on January 1, 1863.

13. Emancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862

14. Emancipation Proclamation
Document gave the Southern Confederacy (CSA) a choice: Quit the war and keep slavery alive or keep fighting and slaves would be forever free
Deadline was January 1, 1863

15. Emancipation Proclamation
Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important to the Civil War and what impact did it have?
CSA continued the war
Slaves were declared free by the United States government in 1863

16. Gettysburg
Three-day battle
(July 1-3, 1863) in Pennsylvania

17. Gettysburg Union won Suffered 23,000 casualties (dead and wounded)
CSA suffered 28,000 casualties

18. Gettysburg
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg important to the Civil War?
Lincoln visited Gettysburg in November 1863.
He gave the famous Gettysburg address

19. Battle of Chickamauga
Fought in September 18-20, 1863
Town of Chickamauga is located in Walker County just 10 miles south of the Tennessee/Georgia line.
Second bloodiest battle of the Civil War with over 34,000 casualties.
The battle was the largest ever fought in the state of Georgia.

20. Battle of Chickamauga
Chattanooga was major railroad center and was important to the movement of supplies and troops for the CSA
Union wanted to use this capture as a stepping stone to capture a more significant rail road hub: Atlanta.

21. Battle of Chickamauga
Why was the Battle of Chickamauga important to the Civil War and the state of GA?
It was the largest Union defeat in the Western theater of the Civil War.
Union troops were driven back to Chattanooga; CSA did not follow-up on their victory by attacking retreating soldiers
Union reinforcements later recaptured the city of Chattanooga
Once Chattanooga was defended and in Union hands, used as launching point for Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign.

22. Union Blockade of GA’s Coast
Northern war strategy—blockade
Closed off southern ports to keep the south from exporting and importing goods

23. Union Blockade of GA’s Coast
Close all Southern ports (using ironclads – armored ships)
Prevent cotton exports and imports of weaponry from foreign countries

24. Union Blockade of GA’s Coast
Why was the Union Blockade of GA’s coast important to the Civil War and the Union’s overall war strategy?
At first, the Union blockade was not successful.
Things changed dramatically in Georgia when the North destroyed the brick Fort Pulaski with rifled-barrel cannon
North was able to effectively restrict continued attempt to sneak past the Union blockade

25. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
William T. Sherman—Union general
Union Army fought series of battles in an attempt to capture/destroy the important Confederate rail and supply center of Atlanta

26. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
Confederate army retreats further south into Georgia
June & July 1864—Dalton, Resaca, Allatoona, Kennesaw Mountain, New Hope Church, Atlanta

27. The Battle of Atlanta
Why was Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign important to the Civil War and to the city of Atlanta?
Sherman surrounded the city and laid siege
Fighting continued during July and August 1864
Hood and Atlanta’s citizens finally emptied the city on September 1, 1864
Sherman burns the city in mid-November then begins his march toward Savannah and the sea. The Army then burned all but about 400 of Atlanta’s buildings (approximately 90% of Atlanta was burned/destroyed)

28. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Part of the Lay Waste Strategy - Sherman’s Union army destroys everything in its path, 300 miles from Atlanta to Savannah

29. Sherman’s March to the Sea
A sixty mile-wide area is burned, destroyed, and ruined during a two-month period
Estimated losses exceeded $100 million
Captured, but did not burn, Savannah in December 1864
Union troops loaded and shipped $28 million worth of cotton, stored in Savannah, to the North

30. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Why was Sherman’s March to the Sea important to the Civil War and to the state of Georgia?
Sherman wrote to Abraham Lincoln that Savannah was his Christmas present (along with about twenty-five thousand bales of cotton that was ultimately shipped to Northern factories).
Civil War Ends: General Robert E. Lee’s surrenders his army at Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, Confederate President Jefferson Davis and Vice President Alexander Stephens (from GA) flee and are captured

31. Andersonville Andersonville Prison, in southwest Georgia
Overcrowded, and offered poor food, contaminated water, and poor sanitation
13,700 Union soldiers are buried there

32. Andersonville
Confederate war prison where thousands of Union soldiers died
Causes of death: dehydration, starvation, disease

33. Andersonville
Why was the Confederate prison for Union soldiers at Andersonville, GA important to the Civil War?
With these horrible conditions, more men died (over 13,000) at Andersonville than at any other Civil War prison.
After the Civil War, what happened to Captain Henry Wirz, who had been in charge of the prison at Andersonville, GA?
Captain Henry Wirtz, Andersonville Prison commander, was later hanged for “excessive cruelty”

34. The Aftermath
620,000 people died during the war; about two-thirds died from diseases, wounds, or military prison hardships
In order to reenter the United States the South would have to endure political, emotional, and physical reconstruction
Healing of emotional wounds took far longer than the war itself
The North or the South would never be the same again