1. Quarterly Exams Th 12/1 and Friday 12/2Pg
Assignment
Date 47
New Nations in Africa Reading
11/14 48
New Nations in Africa G.O. 49
Africa PPT Notes
11/16 50
Kashmir Map 51
Kashmir Problems and Solutions 52
Kashmir Questions 53
Arab-Israeli Conflict PPT Notes
11/21 54
Quarterly Study Guide
11/18
Date: 11/21/16
Activity: Modern Africa/Arab-Israeli Conflict
Warm Up: Why did so many African nations fall into civil war soon after they gained independence?
Homework:
Africa Reading Notes/Questions due tomorrow (INCLUDING BACK)
Study Guide (Unit 3 Portion ONLY) due Monday 11/28 (DAY AFTER THANKSGIVING BREAK-DON’T LEAVE IT FOR BREAK!)
Unit 3 Test Tuesday 11/29
Quarterly Exams Th 12/1 and Friday 12/2

2. Today’s Warm Up:
Why did so many African nations fall into civil war soon after gained their independence?
-There was a lot of instability and corruption, violence an authoritarianism

3. MODERN AFRICA (1945-PRESENT)

4. THE END OF COLONIALISM IN AFRICA
BY THE EARLY 1900s NATIONALISM (PRIDE & DEVOTION TO ONE’S COUNTRY) WAS EVIDENT IN AFRICA.
NATIONALISM GREW OUT OF A DESIRE TO END EUROPEAN RULE.

5. AFRICA: POST WW II
AS WW II ENDED, INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENTS GAINED STRENGTH IN AFRICA.
THE WAR WEAKENED COLONIAL POWERS SUCH AS ENGLAND & FRANCE.
THE USSR CONDEMNED IMPERIALISM & AIDED SOME NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS.
THE U.S. SPOKE OUT AGAINST COLONIALISM.

6. NEW NATIONS EMERGE
SLOWLY EUROPEAN NATIONS REALIZED THEY MUST GIVE UP THEIR COLONIAL EMPIRES.
IN 1950 AFRICA HAD ONLY 4 INDEPENDENT NATIONS (LIBERIA, ETHIOPIA, EGYPT & SOUTH AFRICA).
DURING THE 1950s & 60s, AFRICAN DEMANDS FOR FREEDOM LED TO THE BIRTH OF MANY NEW NATIONS.

7. COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE MODERN ERA, MUCH OF AFRICA HAS STRUGGLED WITH:
POVERTY
HEALTH ISSUES
OTHER QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES
WAR & GENOCIDE

8. POVERTY IN AFRICA
POVERTY IN AFRICA IS HIGHER THAN IN OTHER DEVELOPING REGIONS.
MANY AFRICANS LACK THE INCOME NECESSARY TO SATISFY BASIC HUMAN NEEDS (FOOD, SHELTER, HEALTHCARE).

9. HEALTH ISSUES AFRICA HAS THE WORLD’S HIGHEST INFANT MORTALITY RATE…
LACK OF BASIC HEALTHCARE
THE AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME) EPIDEMIC HAS BEEN RAVISHING AFRICA SINCE THE DISEASE WAS IDENTIFIED IN 1980:
IN MILLION PEOPLE WERE SICK WITH AIDS OR INFECTED WITH HIV, THE VIRUS THAT CAUSES AIDS.

10. AIDS IN AFRICA 70% OF THE WORLD’S VICTIMS LIVE IN AFRICA.
REASONS FOR HIGH AFRICAN AIDS RATES:
SOCIAL NORMS
POVERTY
LACK OF EDUCATION
POLITICAL INDIFFERENCE
HIV/AIDS IS A THREAT TO PHYSICAL HEALTH AND ALSO TO ECONOMIC HEALTH, EXACERBATING AFRICA’S CHRONIC POVERTY.
PBS/Frontline: The Age of Aids (13 min 29 sec)

11. OTHER QUALITY OF LIFE CONCERNS
POLITICAL CORRUPTION
WORLD’S LOWEST LITERACY RATE
LACK OF SAFE DRINKING WATER
LOWEST LIFE EXPECTANCY RATES:
U.S.: 77
WORLD: 63
AFRICA: 52

12. CIVIL WAR AND GENOCIDE
CIVIL WAR OCCURRED BECAUSE AFRICAN STATES HAVE FREQUENTLY BEEN HAMPTERED BY INSTABILITY, CORRUPTION, VIOLENCE AND AUTHORITARIANISM
GENOCIDE IS THE DELIBERATE, SYSTEMATIC KILLING OF A GROUP OF PEOPLE BECAUSE OF THEIR RACE, RELIGION OR ETHNICITY.

13. First to gain independence
Tactics used by Nkrumah:
Strikes
Boycotts
Nkrumah’s reforms:
New roads, schools
Expanded health facilities
Programs for industrialization,
Health and welfare programs
Expanded educational facilities
Problems:
Costs of reforms hurt economy and strengthened his opposition.
When he was out of country, the army and police seized control and was under civilian and police power until 2000 when they had first election
Ghana
First to gain independence

14. Tactics used by Mau Mau:
Tactics used by Mau Mau:
Guerilla warfare used to push
White farmers into leaving
Highlands.
Kenyatta’s reforms:
Unite various ethnic & language Groups.
Problems:
Corruption in Moi’s government and ethnic conflicts that killed hundreds and left thousands homeless.
Kenya
Violence for independence
Various ethnic backgrounds caused problems

15. The Congo: Belgians were cruel to gain resources; copper and rubber
How independence was gained:
-Belgium plundered rubber and
Copper in the Congo, -treated harshly and provided no services
-granted independence in 1960
-Transition to independence was
In upheaval
Mobutu’s rule:
Seized power in 1965 for 32 yrs
-ruled through force, one-party rule and bribes to supporters.
Overthrown in 1997
Problems:
Promises of democracy by Kabila (renamed Democratic Republic of Congo) never came and civil war ensued.
Kabila assassinated, son took over and has worked towards peace. (still pres)
Zaire
The Congo: Belgians were cruel to gain resources; copper and rubber

16. Fought a war of independence against France
How independence was gained:
FLN (Algerian National Liberation
Front) (approx. 9 mil) fought
French (.5 mil troops) and won
Independence in July 1962
Ben Bella’s program:
Socialist –overthrown in 1965
Problems:
Unemployment and dissatisfaction with the government contributed to the rise of religious fundamentalists wanted an Islamic state.
-Civil war continues on and off
-Gov resisted FIS (Islamic Salvation Front) election win 1990
Algeria
Fought a war of independence against France
Civil Wars continue on and off

17. How independence was gained:
Portugal sent 50,000 troops to
Hold on to Angola in withdrew in
1975 after huge costs and
Opposition from home.
Causes of civil war:
The USSR backed the Communists (MPLA) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola)
and the US backed the UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence) (like Nationalists)
Other problems:
Strained Cold War relations even more with USSR and US
Civil war from when they finally signed a LASTING peace accord.
Angola
Cold War Battleground as US backed nationalists UNITA and USSR backed the communist MPLA