1. Colonization and Settlement of America

2. Reasons for Exploration
Expanding populations—needed more space
Trade increased – merchants wanted access to Asia – spices, silk, porcelain
Three G’s—in this order
1. Gold *any riches (gold, silver, resources) Most important to most explorers
2. God *to convert natives
3. Glory *to make a name for themselves
First European explorers to reach the Americas were Vikings – Leif Eriksson – Canada – around 1000 A.D.

3. Christopher Columbus – Caribbean - 1492 A.D.
Spain is first European country to permanently colonize the New World
Amerigo Vespucci—first European to map North and South America (1501)
Giovanni da Verrazzano – first European to reach North Carolina (1524)
Natives were treated poorly – Plantation System – used for agricultural (sugar cane) and mining work (gold and silver)
Columbian Exchange – movement of stuff (animals, plants, diseases, religions, knowledge, technology, culture, resources etc.) between Old World and New World
Old World – Europe/Africa/Asia
New World – North and South America

4. Columbian Exchange Video

5. Columbian exchange

8. Sir Walter Raleigh & the Roanoke Colony
English aristocrat and explorer
Funded his own voyages
Supported by Queen Elizabeth I
Landed at Roanoke Island
Made connections with local Native Americans
Decided to bring settlers back

9. Roanoke Colony, cont.
1585 – 108 soldiers come to Roanoke to establish first colony
1586 – Colonists and Native Americans at “war,” and colony is abandoned
1587 – Second settlement attempted
117 colonists come to Roanoke
Governor John White

10. Roanoke, cont. 1587 – John White returns to England to get supplies
1590 – White returns to Roanoke, but finds the colony has disappeared

11. The mystery of the lost colony Video
What do you think happened to them?

12. Jamestown and Roanoke colonies

13. Jamestown
1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607 – established for profit – Virginia Company
John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco – made the colony successful), Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)
Colony almost did not survive – bad location
– Starving Time – only 60 of 215 survive – colony survived because new colonists came each year.
1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st representative assembly), English women arrive, Africans brought as Indentured Servants

14. Jamestown Timeline http://www.virtualjamestown.org/timeline2.html
1609
500 more settlers come to Virginia
Relations with Native Americans grow tense
1610
September-May: The “Starving Time” reduces population to 60 (from )
1608
Settlers at Jamestown die in great numbers (38 of 104 remain)

15. John Rolfe marries Pocahontas
John Smith
Pocahontas

16. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the- story-of-us/videos/life-in-jamestown#life-in- jamestown

17. Why was the colony founded?
Roanoke Colony
Jamestown Colony
When?
Where?
Founder?
Why was the colony founded?

18. Why was the colony founded?
Roanoke Colony
Jamestown Colony
When?
1585
1607
Where? NC
Virginia
Founder?
Sir Walter Raleigh
The Virginia Company
Why was the colony founded?
**Expand England’s territory
**Search for gold
**Expand England’s territory
**Search for gold
**Grow crops

19. Roanoke Colony
Jamestown Colony
What happened?

20. Roanoke Colony Jamestown Colony What happened?
**Settled on land poor for farming and most colonists were businessmen
**Hostile towards local tribes
**John White returned to England for supplies. When he returned to Roanoke > colonists had disappeared.
**Captain John Smith said, “Those that don’t work, don’t eat”
**Established trade relationship with Powhatan Indians
**Tobacco helped Jamestown succeed and become the first permanent English colony

21. Colonies developed different identities according to climate and charter

22. English Colonies Split into three regions
New England (MA, NH,RI,CN) – settled by many people seeking religious freedom –- Economy was based on fishing, lumbering, and shipbuilding
Middle Colonies (NY, NJ,PA,DE) ––More of a mix coming for religious freedom and economic opportunities – more diverse backgrounds – farming and trade

23. 13 Colonies
Southern Colonies –(MD, VA, NC, SC, GA) mostly came for economic opportunities
Economy was based on agriculture – Tobacco, Cotton, Rice, Indigo
Georgia – place for debtors and poor to live

24. The New England Colonies
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire

25. The Middle Colonies
New York
Delaware
New Jersey
Pennsylvania

26. The Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina
Georgia

27. 13 colonies map activity

28. Colonies Motivations Economy New England Colonies Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies

29. What caused each region to develop differently than the others?
What prediction can you
make for the future
development of each region?
(Use Concepts)

30. Giovanni da Verrazzano
Italian explorer, commissioned by France
Discovers North Carolina in 1524
First European since around 1000 AD to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between the Carolinas and Newfoundland

31. Carolina
Settled by members of the other colonies. Original settlers English. Granted a private company in 1663 and divided into two colonies in 1711.
Great place to grow indigo, rice, and tobacco.
Name came from the Latin word carolus, meaning “Charles.”
Officially became a state on November 21, 1789.

32. Immigrant Groups of the 13 colonies
Middle Colonies
Catholics
Quakers –William Penn
More tolerant and diverse
New England
Pilgrims - Settled in Massachusetts in 1620 – Plymouth
Puritans - Settled in Massachusetts in 1630 – Boston
Wanted religious freedom

33. Lords Proprietors – 8 noble supporters of Charles II, awarded Carolina in return for their support – 1663
1706 – Bath – first NC town
1710 – New Bern founded – became 1st capital of NC
Three regions
1. Coastal Plain in east – first region settled by Europeans
2. Piedmont in central
3. Mountains in west

34. New Immigration NC becomes royal colony in 1728. New settlers
1. Scots-Irish – settled in east
2. Highland Scots – settled in east
3. Germans and Moravians –settled in Piedmont – backcountry
Great Wagon Road – main route to travel through backcountry
Moravians – name their land Wachovia
1766 – establish the towns of Bethabara and Salem
4. Africans – brought as slaves – fewer than many other southern colonies

35. Great Wagon Road

36. Were the reasons why people immigrated to the 13 colonies similar to the reasons why people immigrate to America today?

37. Economy/Social Structure
Economy – North Carolina was mostly agricultural.
Cash Crops – Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo
Naval Stores – tar, pitch, turpentine
Trade was difficult due to NC’s lack of roads and difficult waterways. Mercantilism – the colonies existed for the economic benefit of England
Social Classes
1. Gentry – rich planters, doctors, lawyers
2. Artisans – craftsmen – blacksmith, cobblers
3. Small Farmers – Yeomen – biggest group

38. 4. Indentured Servants – poor people who bought their passage to America with their service.
5. Slaves/Indians
Triangle Trade – three-part voyage
A. Europe to Africa – manufactured trade goods
B. Africa to America (Middle Passage)- slaves
C. America to Europe – raw materials (lumber, cotton, tobacco)
Growing conflict between Eastern and Western NC over taxes and political power.

39. Triangle Trade

41. Early Government in the Colonies
Magna Carta – Even the King had to obey the law
English Bill of Rights – limited King’s power; gave representative government (Parliament) more power
Representative Government – the people elect representatives to speak for them in government
Mayflower Compact – first attempt at self-government in the English colonies
Town meetings – first form of American government in which all free men could participate

42. House of Burgess – first representative government in America
Proprietary colony – privately-owned colony
Royal colony – government-run colony

43. Which common theme did each of these government examples have that led to the colonists’ desire for independence?