1. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

2. HIV/AIDS HIV-Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Normal: T-Cell Count of cells/mm3
Low: T-Cell Count of cells/mm3
Early HIV: T-Cell Count of cells/mm3
Late HIV: T-Cell Count of 201 – 450 cells/mm3
AIDS: T-Cell Count of 200 or fewer cells/mm3

3. Symptoms Early HIV: flu-like symptoms Cough Cold Headaches
Malaise (tired feeling, not wanting to do anything)
Skin Rash
Acute Retroviral Syndrome: The explosion of early symptoms from HIV

4. Symptoms Late HIV symptoms: short-term memory loss
Shingles (virus causing a painful rash)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in women

5. Symptoms AIDS ARC (AIDS-Related Complications) Pneumonia
Encephalitis (brain inflammation) causing brain rotting and verbal babbling
Toxoplasmosis: parasitic disease (common in cats)
Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS): skin cancer
Cytomegalovirus: infections of the retina

6. Causes & Passing of the Virus
Passed in fluids: semen, blood, vaginal fluids, breast milk
Not passed in saliva, urine, sweat, tears
Passed in methods: anal/vaginal/oral sex, transfusions/needles, birth/breast feeding
Not passed through kissing, mosquito bites

7. Names Prior to HIV “Gay Pneumonia” “Gay Cancer”
“GRID” (Gay-Related Immune Deficiency)
HIV sufferers may or may not get AIDS. Those who show no symptoms for a long time are known as “Long-Term Non-Progressors.”
Those who have AIDS are terminally ill.

8. Growing Groups of AIDS Sufferers
Upper-middle class females in their teens and twenties
Gay men
The elderly
Children are no longer a growing group.

9. Science of the Virus
HIV is a retrovirus which means that it replicates itself in the system and attaches itself to the cells. There has never been a cure for a retrovirus.
CD4: Helper-T cells (alarm)
CD8: Killer cells
CCR5: HIV attaches to this enzyme

10. Testing for AIDS & Scope of the Virus
2 tests must be done, both blood tests. One must be done 6 months after the other with no risky behavior in between. If both are negative, then the person does not have HIV.
1 million infections in the USA, ½ million deaths (110/55 per day)
40 million infections world-wide, 21 million deaths (4400/2200 per day)
Today, AIDS is most prominent in Africa.

11. Important Dates 1930s: Disease is rumored to be around
1968: Disease is thought to have been in the USA but no proof
1977: Disease is first found in Denmark, but not named yet
1978: Disease spreads through parts of Europe, especially France
1980: Disease first comes to the USA

12. Dates Cont’d
1981: Disease spreads through the USA, especially in San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago, & New York
1983: AIDS is first given its name at the CDC Blood Bank meetings by Dr. Vellnor
1983 (October): HIV is isolated & found in the labs
1984 (April): HIV is announced to the public
1985: Blood banks are asked to begin testing for the virus
1991: Magic Johnson is diagnosed with HIV, making the disease well known world-wide.

13. Important People
Don Francis: CDC Researcher who dedicated his life to fighting the virus and finding a cure. Had previously worked on Ebola & Hepatitis B.
Bill Kraus: Gay politician with direct ties to Washington D.C. who fought for gay rights and against homophobia.
Bill Darrow: CDC Researcher who discovered that HIV was sexually transmitted by linking 40 cases over 10 cities back to patient zero.

14. People
Harold Jaffe: CDC worker who discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream
Dale Lawrence: CDC worker who also discovered that HIV was passed through the blood stream
Marco Conant: Dr. who secretly treated many AIDS patients despite prejudice and loss of other patients.
Mary Guinan: CDC worker who assisted Don Francis with finding the virus.

15. People
Jim Curran: CDC boss who argued with Don Francis due to politics and finances.
Gaetan Dugas: Patient Zero; gay flight-attendant who brought HIV into the U.S.
Selma Dritz: straight politician who fought HIV and fought for gay rights.
Luc Montagnier: French researcher who also worked on discovering AIDS
Bob Gallo: U.S. scientist who worked for the National Cancer Institute who worked on AIDS and discovered Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV)

16. Relationship between AIDS & Leukemia
2 kinds of leukemia:
HTLV I (lethal) & HTLV II (non-lethal)
When Gallo discovered that 2 of his patients also had AIDS, he became interested and wanted to link AIDS & leukemia, thereby calling the virus HTLV III (1st name for HIV).

17. Gay Bath House Controversy
Gay Bath Houses: Place where gay people anonymously went to have sex, similar to a brothel.
Infections sky rocketed due to gay bath houses but politicians did not want to shut them down. The “vocal minority” of gay people did not want them shut down either as it was their expression of sexual freedom.

18. Hemophilia & AIDS
Hemophiliacs’ blood does not clot. They need blood clotting mechanisms. “Factorate” is a blood clotting mechanism that allows blood to clot. It is donated blood from thousands of people that is chemically altered.
Hemophiliacs had increased infections rate due to blood donations. 89% of hemophiliacs who received blood got infected.

19. HPV Human Papillomavirus
CDC now recommends that 11 to 12-year-olds get two doses of HPV vaccine. The 2nd dose should be given 6-12 months after the 1st dose.
These vaccinations significantly decrease the patient’s chances of getting cancer caused by HPV.

20. Definition of HPV
HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). It’s different from Herpes or HIV.
HPV is spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has it, and is more likely to be spread through vaginal and anal sex than oral sex.

21. Health Problems
Often goes away on its own and doesn’t cause any health problems.
If HPV doesn’t go away, it causes genital warts and can cause cancer.

22. Lowering Risks 1. Get vaccinated at ages 11-12.
2. “Catch-Up” vaccinations are offered for males up to age 21 and for females up to age 26.
It’s especially recommended for those with compromised immune systems (HIV, etc.).

23. Scope of HPV 79 million are infected with HPV
14 million new infections per year
1% of sexually active adults in the U.S. have genital warts at any given time
11,000 women in the U.S. get cervical cancer each year
18,000 women and 9,000 men are affected by cancers caused by HPV every year

24. Treatment
Genital warts can be treated with prescription medication. If untreated, they will grow in size and number.
Cervical cancer is treatable, especially if caught early.

25. HIV/AIDS Essay
Using the movie as a guide, trace the history of the AIDS virus starting out from its earliest days and moving towards the present day. Include how the virus came to America, the most significant people involved, and where the virus is today. Also, include any relevant statistics in regards to the virus.