1. Bell Ringer What were some advantages and disadvantages for both the North and South? List two for each side!

3. Resources North - Union Reasons for fighting: Preserve the Union Halt/end slavery Advantages Manpower & resources Railroad Naval Power Technology & $$$ Lincoln Disadvantages Further travel Turnover in leadership Longer supply lines Overconfident South - Confederacy Reasons for fighting: Defend homeland Fight to protect way of life Advantages: Leadership Fighting at home Will power Disadvantages Less people, $$$, supplies Emancipation Proclamation

4. Strategy North - Union Anaconda Plan Naval blockade of S. Coastline Gain control of Mississippi River Split Confederacy in two Lincoln & Slavery Well liked leader Emancipation Proclamation South - Confederacy King Cotton Withhold exporting cotton to bring European nations into war

5. First Major Battle Battle of Bull Run/First Manassas Important People: Brigadier McDowell (Union) Joseph Johnston (Confederacy) General Beauregard (Confederacy) Goal: open way to Richmond (Conf. Capital) and end war

6. First Major Battle Communication failures, complicated plans, and many delays “Stonewall” Jackson get nickname Result: Confederate victory Impact: Convinced North war would be long and costly McDowell replaced by Maj. Gen. George McClellan http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/first-battle-of-bull-run

7. New Technologies + old strategies = More DEATHs (620,000 Americans Died) Ironclads Minie Ball Gatling Gun More soldiers died of diseases, like dysentery rather than bullets

8. Union Strategies in the West Ulysses S. Grant Commander of Union in the West Victories West would give Grant passage into the South and control of the Mississippi

9. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-7 1862 Grant vs. Albert Sydney Johnston Pittsburgh Landing, Tenn. Worst fighting of the war yet Union: 13,000 dead/wounded (1/4 of those who fought) Confederacy: 11,000 out of 41,000 http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of-shiloh

10. Fall of New Orleans April 25, 1862 Union fleet captured N.O. The South’s largest city All but 150 miles of the Miss. River belonged to the Union Vicksburg only remaining stronghold Admiral David Farragut

11. HOMESTEAD ACT of 1862 The Union used the following as a strategy to keep Southerners from fighting, the Law stated: Any U.S. citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. Government could file an application and lay claim to 160 acres Government land. For the next 5 years, the homesteader had to live on the land and improve it by building dwelling and growing crops After 5 years, the homesteader could file for their deed by submitting proof of residency and the required improvements to a local land office

12. Lee Claims Victories in the East 1st Battle of Bull Run 7 Days Battles: June 25 – July 1, 1862 Lee stopped McClellan from invading Richmond Aug. 1862: 2 nd Battle of Bull Run Union withdrew to D.C.

13. Lee Invades the North: Why? Reasons Why: 1. A Confederate victory in the North would make Lincoln seek peace. 2. Allow Virginia Farmers to harvest 3. Plundering of the North’s food supplies 4. Get Europeans believing the South could win

14. Lead up to Antietam Lincoln needs a victory A victory in Maryland for Lee could inspire a pro-Confederate uprising NEUTRAL BORDER STATES LIKE: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, & Missouri were key factors in the outcome of the war Union soldiers find Lee’s battle plans They were wrapped around some cigars

15. Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland Sept. 17, 1862 Lee vs. McClellan McClellan had Lee’s battle plans & didn’t take advantage Bloodiest single day battle in all of U.S. history No ground gained by either side Est. 25,000 dead or wounded http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/battle-of- antietam

16. About this many Americans died at Antietam.

19. Battle of Antietam Cont. Lee retreated to Virginia McClellan didn’t follow By being cautious, he blew a chance to finish Lee off Lincoln fired him in Nov. 1862

20. Bell Ringer Who won at the Battle of Antietam? Why is this battle so important? Explain.

21. Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863 Freed all slaves in areas of open rebellion Was justified by the Constitution as an implied power, “military action” War now had 2 purposes: Preserve the Union, Liberation of Slavery http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/emancipation- proclamation

22. Split Opinions over Proclamation Against  Didn’t free any slaves  Rebellious states didn’t recognize Lincoln’s authority  Slaves in loyal states were not freed  Republicans: thought it didn’t go far enough  Democrats: thought it was too extreme For  Statement against slavery  Frederick Douglas  British were split  Redefined the war  It was now about slavery  African Americans eager to join the Union

23. African American Soldiers The Emancipation would allow African Americans to enlist Not Equal as soldiers- Given worse jobs than whites, lower paid 54 th Mass. Lead by Col. Robert Shaw Achieved fame at Fort Wagner Killed if captured http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil- war-history/videos/gilder-lehrman-massachussetts-54th