1. Ancient Rome: The Rise of Christianity World History

2. Entering a Time of Peace Under Julius Caesar, Rome became an empire. Under Julius Caesar, Rome became an empire. Octavian Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. Octavian Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. Rome became too powerful to be challenged and entered a time of peace in the empire, known as the Pax Romana or “Roman Peace.” Rome became too powerful to be challenged and entered a time of peace in the empire, known as the Pax Romana or “Roman Peace.” Allowed ideas to spread across the world. Allowed ideas to spread across the world.

3. How Powerful Was Rome? 3 million square miles 3 million square miles 80 million people 80 million people 1 million residents in city of Rome. 1 million residents in city of Rome.

4. The Rise of a New Religion In 63 BC, Rome took over Judea, the home of the Jewish religion. In 63 BC, Rome took over Judea, the home of the Jewish religion. Judea was controlled by King Herod, a Jewish governor for Rome. Judea was controlled by King Herod, a Jewish governor for Rome. After Herod’s death, fighting broke out among his three sons. After Herod’s death, fighting broke out among his three sons. Rome sent troops to create peace in Judea. Rome sent troops to create peace in Judea.

5. The Birth of Christianity Judaism was tolerated by the Romans at first. Judaism was tolerated by the Romans at first. First Monotheistic Religion: Only one supreme god. First Monotheistic Religion: Only one supreme god. Jesus of Nazareth was born under the rule of Octavian (Caesar Augustus) Grew up preaching the idea of one true god Jesus of Nazareth was born under the rule of Octavian (Caesar Augustus) Grew up preaching the idea of one true god Spread a message of peace, love, forgiveness. Spread a message of peace, love, forgiveness. Many Jews believed that Jesus was the Messiah or Savior, from the Romans. Many Jews believed that Jesus was the Messiah or Savior, from the Romans. Jesus was called Christ which means “savior” or “Messiah” in Greek. Jesus was called Christ which means “savior” or “Messiah” in Greek.

6. How do We Know About Jesus? Followers of Jesus wrote about the teachings and experiences that occurred during his life. Followers of Jesus wrote about the teachings and experiences that occurred during his life. These writings were called Gospels, meaning “good news” These writings were called Gospels, meaning “good news” Can be found in the New Testament of the Christian Bible—written 30-70 years after Jesus lived Can be found in the New Testament of the Christian Bible—written 30-70 years after Jesus lived

7. Events of Jesus’s Life From Nazareth, born in Bethlehem “The City of David” From Nazareth, born in Bethlehem “The City of David” Grew up in Nazareth, raised Jewish Grew up in Nazareth, raised Jewish At 30, was baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River; John the Baptists identified Jesus as the Messiah At 30, was baptized by John the Baptist in the Jordan River; John the Baptists identified Jesus as the Messiah After 40 days in the wilderness, Jesus returned to Galilee and began to preach, heal, and perform miracles After 40 days in the wilderness, Jesus returned to Galilee and began to preach, heal, and perform miracles Had followers called disciples Had followers called disciples

8. Key Teachings of Jesus Love God with all your heart Love God with all your heart Love your neighbor as yourself Love your neighbor as yourself Taught Peace and Love as key virtues Taught Peace and Love as key virtues Jesus spoke in Parables Jesus spoke in Parables

9. The Teachings of Christianity Why did Christianity appeal to people? Why did Christianity appeal to people? Embraced All people Embraced All people Promised life after death for Promised life after death for ALL people. Appealed to poorer people Appealed to poorer people who were not wealthy like Romans. Because of the Pax Romana, these ideas of Christianity were able to spread quickly through the empire.

10. The Crucifixion of Jesus The popularity of Jesus with the poor angered the Romans and the Jews. The popularity of Jesus with the poor angered the Romans and the Jews. Jesus was called the “Son of God” and a “King” Jesus was called the “Son of God” and a “King” Jews feared Jesus’s preaching would anger the Romans (Pages 354 – 355) Jews feared Jesus’s preaching would anger the Romans (Pages 354 – 355) Jewish leaders turned Jesus over to the Roman governor of Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate, to be Crucified. Jewish leaders turned Jesus over to the Roman governor of Jerusalem, Pontius Pilate, to be Crucified. “Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and to God what belongs to God.” “Give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and to God what belongs to God.”

11. Golgotha - “Place of the Skull” Calvary – Latin Word

12. After the Apostles *Followers of Jesus became known as Christians. Much of what is known about Jesus comes from the writings of his Apostles. *Apostle means “One who travels.” Apostles traveled, spread Christian teachings, and wrote the Gospels of the Bible. and wrote the Gospels of the Bible. Peter and Paul were two very influential Apostles. (356-359)

13. The 12 Apostles

14. Roman Persecution of Jews and Christians Why did the Romans hate Christianity/Judaism? Why did the Romans hate Christianity/Judaism? Monotheism vs. Polytheism Monotheism vs. Polytheism Christians/Jews didn’t recognize the emperors as Gods. Christians/Jews didn’t recognize the emperors as Gods. Blamed for any problems in Roman society. Blamed for any problems in Roman society. Emperors such as Nero crucified and tortured Christians and Jews as traitors. Emperors such as Nero crucified and tortured Christians and Jews as traitors. Many Jews fled their homeland to escape- Known as the Jewish Diaspora- or “spreading out” Many Jews fled their homeland to escape- Known as the Jewish Diaspora- or “spreading out” Christians and Jews became Martyrs: Dying for their beliefs. Christians and Jews became Martyrs: Dying for their beliefs.

15. The Jews Strike Back 66 AD- Jews rebel against the Romans. 66 AD- Jews rebel against the Romans. 70 AD- Romans stormed Jerusalem and destroy their temple, leaving only the Western Wall 70 AD- Romans stormed Jerusalem and destroy their temple, leaving only the Western Wall 73 AD- Jews and Romans fight at the Battle of Masada. Many Jews died in this battle, most of suicide. 73 AD- Jews and Romans fight at the Battle of Masada. Many Jews died in this battle, most of suicide. Today- The Western Wall is Jerusalem’s holiest shrine. Today- The Western Wall is Jerusalem’s holiest shrine.

16. The Victory Arch of Emperor Titus over the Jews in Jerusalem

17. Jerusalem’s Western Wall

18. The Martyrdom of Peter Peter the Apostle traveled to Rome and was crucified upside down by Nero. Peter the Apostle traveled to Rome and was crucified upside down by Nero. Believed to be the first “Bishop” or Pope of the Christian Church. Believed to be the first “Bishop” or Pope of the Christian Church. Today, all Popes are believed to be descendants of St. Peter. Today, all Popes are believed to be descendants of St. Peter. We now call this the “Catholic” church which means “Universal”. We now call this the “Catholic” church which means “Universal”.

19. St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City

20. The Vatican

21. The Tomb of Saint Peter

22. Christianity Under Constantine In 312 AD, Constantine became Emperor of Rome. In 312 AD, Constantine became Emperor of Rome. During Battle, he saw an image of a cross and won. During Battle, he saw an image of a cross and won. 313 AD- Constantine issues the Edict of Milan making Christianity a legal religion in Rome. 313 AD- Constantine issues the Edict of Milan making Christianity a legal religion in Rome. To strengthen the religion he called the Council of Nicaea to establish the core beliefs of Christianity, leading to the Nicene Creed. To strengthen the religion he called the Council of Nicaea to establish the core beliefs of Christianity, leading to the Nicene Creed.

23. Finally Official In 380 AD, Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the Offical Religion of the Roman Empire. In 380 AD, Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the Offical Religion of the Roman Empire.