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BELLRINGER: 3/30 + 3/31 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Make the following ToC updates: ▫Page #126: Notes: Crusades ▫Page #127: SAC Evidence Sheet ▫Page 128: SAC Exit Ticket 3. Write down your HW: ▫Read pages 356-361 in your textbook. ▫Study for your Nation-States and Middle Ages quiz NEXT CLASS! 4. Discuss the following question with the people around you: “Can something be both a success and a failure at the same time? Explain and provide examples.”
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AGENDA: 3/30 + 3/31 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: The Crusades 3. SAC: Crusades + Terrorism 4. Glossary Work Time
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The Crusades History’s Most Successful FAILURE The Crusades
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Background on the Crusades: During Middle Ages the Catholic Church had risen in power ▫Christianity rises in Europe! After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire
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Background on the Crusades: Many were uncertain where life would lead them Many tragic events people start to need to believe in a higher power ▫For Europeans = this becomes God/the Catholic Church
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Causes of the Crusades: Jerusalem holy land for Christians ▫Many come to visit (pilgrimages) The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) controlled Christian Holy Land ▫Problem comes up! The amount of visitors grew too much that the Turks began not allowing visitors Fear of growing Muslim “empire” ▫It was also believed that the increase in Muslim power would threaten the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople
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Jerusalem
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The Crusades Begin 1093: Byzantine Emperor needs help to save Constantinople from Turks ▫He asks Catholic Church for help 1095: Pope Urban II issues a call for a “holy” war or Crusade ▫GOAL of Crusade: capture the Holy land (Palestine) back from Muslims ▫Pope assured that those that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven
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The First Crusade: 1096-1099 Crusaders move into the eastern Mediterranean and capture Jerusalem ▫SUCCESS – at first by 1187, Jerusalem falls back to Muslim rule
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The Second Crusade: 1147-1149 Less successful than First Crusade Crusaders fail to capture cities in the Holy Land
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The Third Crusade: 1189-1192 Crusaders led by Richard the Lionhearted - King of England ▫Conflict between Muslims and Crusaders lasts nearly 5 years ▫Despite war, eventually they came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims Christians (unarmed) = allowed in Jerusalem
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The Last Crusades There were about 7-8 total Crusades led by Christians against Muslims in the Holy Land ▫The First and Third = most well-known The next 4 were unsuccessful in recapturing Jerusalem. But they are known for other things.
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Children’s Crusade - 1212 From the Rhineland (Germany) to Italy 20,000 – 30,000 children (+women, the elderly) went ▫Most died of disease, starvation and others were sold to slavery
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The Inquisition (“Spanish Crusades”) GOAL of Inquisition: Kick Muslims/all non-Catholics out of Spain Called the Reconquista (re- conquering of Spain for Catholicism) In essence, taking it back for the Catholics Inquisition developed a judicial court used to suppress heresy (anyone different from teachings of Church) Like a witch hunt against those not Christians
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Why did the Crusades fail? After the 1 st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning ▫Becomes about destruction, devastation of the people living in the Holy Land War becomes a source of profit ▫A way for some to make money and get goods ▫Continue the Crusades? Make more profit Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic civilizations
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Effects of Crusades Showed power of Catholic Church Increased trading between East and West Leads to cultural diffusion Helps businesses grow, merchant class rises Contributes to increased global trade (the Commercial Revolution) Religious divides are enhanced ▫Muslim bitterness and hatred toward Christians Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually falls to Ottoman Turks ▫Because the Byzantine Empire is weakened by the constant conflict caused by the Crusades
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Effects of Crusades: How will increased trading effect society? More $$ available Merchants get increased power taxes increase to king King no longer need to give land for loyalty, instead can give money Growth of cities Move back to cities to trade
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