2. The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest  Norman claims on England  The Normans were interested in the wealth of England  Duke William was related to the Anglo-Saxon king Edward  Edward was a weak ruler  Godwins held the power and Harold Godwin expected to inherit the throne  Confusion between Duke William, Harold Godwin, and the Norwegian King  William the Conqueror  September 1066 the Norwegian King landed his army in northern England  Harold rushes his army to defeat William  William then invades southern England  After a lot of fighting William emerges victorious on Christmas Day 1066

4. Norman EnglandNorman England  Norman conquest transformed England  Culture and language would never be the same  Introduced a strong feudal system  All over England, Norman barons built great castles as homes and fortresses  These were the first large stone fortresses  Everyone one in power (church and state) was Norman by blood  Latin and French became the languages of law, culture, and government  Anglo-Saxon and Norman French blended together to created the modern English Language

6. Limits on Royal PowerLimits on Royal Power  King John  Became ruler of England in 1199 and also claimed Normandy France  By 1204 John had lost control over most of his French lands  To get them back he needed to raise an army but he needed to raise money from taxes to pay for that army  His efforts led to conflict with barons over taxes and royal power

7.  Signing Magna Carta  By 1215England was fed up with King John’s high taxes and military failures  John was forced to sign a document that promised nobles certain rights= the Magna Carta  He agreed to not collect more taxes with out approval of a council  Also promised to the right of trial by jury  The Magna Carta was a historic example demonstrating that even a king must abide by the law

9.  English law  Under the Magna Carta the law was a mix of Norman French feudal law, Church law, and common law  Parliament  During the 1200s English kings began seeking advice from county representative  This was the beginning of one of the oldest assemblies in Europe, Parliament  Parliament= representatives who makes laws